Birth. September 28, 1914, Sezzadio, diocese of Acqui, Italy.

Education. Seminary of Acqui, Acqui; Pontifical Lateran University, Rome, 1938-1942 (doctorate in utroque iuris, both canon and civil law, July 6, 1942); Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy, Rome, 1941-1943 (diplomacy).

Priesthood. Ordained, May 22, 1937, Acqui. Coadjutor in Canelli, diocese of Acqui, 1937-1938. Further studies, Rome, 1938-1942. Joined the Vatican secretariat of State, section of Ordinary Affairs, 1942. Secretary in the nunciature in Haiti and Dominican Republic, 1946-1950. Auditor in the apostolic delegation, United States, 1950-1953; in the apostolic delegation in Canada, 1953-1954; in the apostolic delegation in Australia, 1954-1958. Counselor in the nunciature in Colombia, 1958-1960. In charge, provisionally, of the nunciature in Venezuela, April 1960. Nuncio in Venezuela, November 18, 1960.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Lero, October 28, 1961. Consecrated, December 8, 1961, church of Ss. Andrea e Gregorio al Monte Celio, Rome, by Cardinal Amleto Giovanni Cicognani, secretary of State, assisted by Angelo Dell'Acqua, titular archbishop of Calcedonia, substitute of the Secretariat of State, and by Giuseppe dell'Omo, bishop of Acqui. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. Nuncio in Spain, July 8, 1967. Secretary of the Congregation for Sacraments and Divine Worship, October 4, 1980. Pro-penitentiary major, April 8, 1984.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of May 25, 1985; received the red biretta and the deaconry of S. Pio V a Villa Carpegna, May 25, 1985. Penitentiary major, May 27, 1985. Attended the Second General Assembly of the College of Cardinals, Vatican City, November 21 to 23, 1985; the Second Extraordinary Assembly of World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 24 to December 8, 1985. Archpriest of the patriarchal Liberian basilica, December 15, 1986. President, Central Committee of Marian Year, February 11, 1987. Attended the SeventhI Ordinary Assembly of World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 30, 1987. Resigned penitentiary, April 6, 1990.

Death. August 22, 1990, of heart ailment, in Rome. Buried in the family plot in Sezzadio.

Birth. October 30, 1869, Ostrów Wielkopolski, archdiocese of Poznań, Poland. Son of Władisław Dalbor and Katarzyny Rutkowskich. Received the sacrament of confirmation, November 7, 1889.

Education. Men's Grammar School, Ostrow; University of Münster, Münster (philosophy and theology); Seminary of Gniezno and Poznań (philosophy and theology); resident at Collegium Polonorum, Rome, 1892-1894; Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome (doctorate in canon law, July 6, 1894).

Priesthood. Ordained, February 25, 1893, Rome, by Cardinal Lucido Maria Parocchi, vicar of Rome. Successively, 1893-1915, vicar of the parish of St. Martin, Poznań; vicar of the archcathedral of Poznań and director of its archiepiscopal chancery; professor of the seminary of Gniezno; penitentiary of the archcathedral of Gniezno; defender of the matrimonial bond; fiscal procurator; canon theologian of the cathedral chapter of Poznań, 1901; confessor and curate of the Sisters of Charity of St. Elizabeth; counselor of the archiepiscopal curia; examiner and judge prosynodal; vicar general of Poznań, 1909. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, November 23, 1914.

Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Gniezno and Poznań, June 30, 1915. Consecrated, September 21, 1915, metropolitan cathedral of Sts. Peter and Paul, Poznań, by Cardinal Felix von Hartmann, archbishop of Cologne, assisted by Adolf Bertram, bishop of Breslau, and by Wilhelmen Kloske, titular bishop of Teodosiopoli di Armenia, rector of the seminary and official of the archdiocese of Gniezno.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 15, 1919; received the red hat and the title of S. Giovanni a Porta Latina, December 18, 1919. Participated in the conclave of 1922, which elected Pope Pius XI.

Death. February 13, 1926, Poznań. Buried in the metropolitan cathedral, Gniezno.

Bibliography. Pest, Czesław. Kardynał Edmund Dalbor (1869-1926) - pierwszy Prymas Polski Odrodzonej. Poznań : Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2004; Pięta, Zenonem. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen IX (1903-1922). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 2002, pp. 18, 23 and 185; Prokop, Krzysztof Rafał. Polscy kardynałowie. Kraków : Wydawnictwo WAM, 2001, pp. 215-225.

Links. His funeral monument, arms and biography, in English; and Catalog of archbishops of Gniezno and primates of Poland, in English.

Birth. May 14, 1872, Villaverla, diocese of Vicenza, Italy. Youngest of the five children of Luigi Dalla Costa and Teresa Dal Balcon; the first three children died in infancy. He was baptized on June 23, 1872 by Fr. Angelo Rossi; his godparents were Francesco Muraro di Bressanvido and Eugenia Dalla Costa; his baptismal name was Elia Angelo.

Education. Seminary of Vicenza, Vicenza; Seminary of Padua, Padua.

Priesthood. Ordained, July 25, 1895, Duomo of Schio, by Antonio Feruglio, bishop of Vicenza. Further studies, 1895-1897. Pastoral ministry in the diocese of Vicenza and faculty member of the Seminary of Vicenza, 1897-1923.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Padua, May 25, 1923. Consecrated, August 12, 1923, cathedral of Vicenza, by Ferdinando Rodolfi, bishop of Vicenza, assisted by Andrea Giacinto Longhin, bishop of Treviso, and by Apollonio Maggio, bishop of Ascoli Piceno. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Florence, December 19, 1931. Apostolic administrator of Padua, January to May, 1932.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of March 13, 1933; received the red hat and the title of S. Marco, March 16, 1933. Papal legate to the Etrurian Council, May 1933. Participated in the conclave of 1939, which elected Pope Pius XII. Participated in the conclave of 1958, which elected Pope John XXIII.

Death. December 22, 1961, from pulmonary complications, in Florence. Buried, metropolitan cathedral basilica S. Maria del Fiore, Florence.

Beatification. The process for his beatification was opened on December 22, 1981.

Bibliography. Casini, Tito. Elia Dalla Costa : vita e magistero. Firenze : Libreria editrice fiorentina, 1972.

Link. His arms.

Birth. October 11, 1882, Claremorris, archdiocese of Tuam, Ireland.

Education. Holy Cross College, Cloniffe; The Royal University, Dublin; Pontifical Urbanian Athenaeum "De Propaganda Fide," Rome; University of Oxford, Oxford; Cambridge University, Cambridge; National University, Dublin.

Priesthood. Ordained, April 18, 1908. Further studies, 1908-1910. Faculty member of the National Seminary, Maynooth, 1910-1942; rector, 1936-1942. Member of the academic senate; and vice-chancellor, National University, Dublin, 1912-1924. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, June 27, 1938. Author of the "D'Alton Plan for political union".

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Binda and appointed coadjutor of Meath, with right of succession, April 25, 1942. Consecrated, June 29, 1942, chapel of Saint Patrick`s College, Maynooth, by Cardinal Joseph MacRory, archbishop of Armagh and primate of Ireland, assisted by Edward Mulhern, bishop of Dromore, and by William MacNeely, bishop of Raphoe. Transferred to the see of Meath, June 16, 1943. Promoted to the primatial and metropolitan see of Armagh, June 13, 1946.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of January 12, 1953; received the red hat and the title of S. Agata dei Goti, deaconry elevated pro illa vice to title, January 15, 1953. Participated in the conclave of 1958, which elected Pope John XXIII. Attended the first session of the Second Vatican Council, 1962.

Death. February 1, 1963, from a heart attack, in Dublin. Buried, grounds of St. Patrick's metropolitan cathedral, Armagh.

Bibliography. John D'Alton, cardinal: an illustrated brochure describing the career of Ireland's cardinal Belfast : Marcon Press, 1953.

Link. His arms.

Birth. October 1, 1917, Loughguile, diocese of Down and Connor, Ireland. Third of the seven children of Charles Daly and Susan Connolly; the other siblings were John, Nicholas, Margaret, Sheila, Rosaleen and Patrick.

Education. Primary education. in St. Patrick's National School, Loughguile; secondary education, as a boarder, St. Malachy's College, Belfast, August 25, 1930-1934; Queen's University, Belfast, September 1934-1937; St. Patrick's College, Maynooth (Ireland's national seminary), September 1937-1941 (philosophy and theology; master's thesis: "The Church in North Africa in the time of Tertulian", August 1938; doctorate in divinity 1944); sabbatical year, 1952-1953, took courses in theology and philosophy in Paris at Institut Catholique (licentiate in philosophy), La Sorbonne University; Collège de France.

Priesthood. Ordained, June 22, 1941, College Chapel, St. Patrick's College, Maynooth, by Daniel Mageean, bishop of Down and Connor. From 1941-1967: further studies; Classics master in St Malachy's College, Belfast, 1945-1946; In 1946 lecturer in Scholastic Philosophy at Queen's University, Belfast, from 1946; reader in Scholastic Philosophy at Queen's University, Belfast, 1963 to 1967. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965, as assistant to William Philbin, bishop of Down and Connor, and to Cardinal William Conway, archbishop of Armagh.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Ardagh and Clonmacnoise, May 26, 1967. Consecrated, July 16, 1967, St. Mel's cathedral, Longford, by Cardinal William Conway, archbishop of Armagh, assisted by Giuseppe Maria Sensi, titular archbishop of Sardes, nuncio in Portugal, and by Neil Farren, bishop of Derry. Attended the Fourth Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 29, 1977. Transferred to see of Down and Connor, August 24, 1982. Attended the Seventh Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 30, 1987; the Eighth Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 28, 1990. Promoted to metropolitan and primatial see of Armagh, November 6, 1990.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of June 28, 1991; received the red biretta and the title of S. Patrizio, June 28, 1991. Attended the Special Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops for Europe, Vatican City, November 28 to December 14, 1991; the Ninth Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 29, 1994. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese, October 1, 1996. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years of age, October 1, 1997.

Links. Photograph, arms and biography, in English; and his arms.

Bibliography. Daly, Cahal B. Steps on my pilgrim journey : memories and reflections. Dublin, Ireland : Veritas Publications, 1998.

Birth. May 14, 1905, Neuilly-sur-Seine, archdiocese of Paris, France. Son of Charles Daniélou, a politician, and Madeleine Clamorgan, founder of Université libre de jeunes filles. His baptismal names was Jean-Guenolé-Marie.

Education. University of La Sorbonne (superior studies; agrégé (grammaire, 1927). Joined the Society of Jesus, 1929. Novitiate of Laval, Laval; Scholasticate of Jersey, Jersey (philosophy, 1931-1934); Professor de première at the school Saint-Joseph de Poitiers, 1934-1936. Theologate of Lyon-Fourvière (theology, 1936-1939); Catholic Institute, Paris (doctorates in letters and theology; thesis: Platonisme et théologie mystique. Essai sur la doctrine spirituelle de saint Grégoire de Nysse, 1943).

Priesthood. Ordained, August 20, 1938. Further studies, 1938-1939. Served in the Frech army, 1939-1940. Faculty member of Jesuit school, Poitiers, 1940-1941. Staff member of journal Etudes, 1941-1969; redactor, 1944-1969. Chaplain of the École normale supérieure de jeunes filles, 1942-1969. Professor of the history of the origins of Christianity at the theological faculty of the Catholic Institute, Paris, 1943-1969; dean of theological faculty, 1961-1969. Pastoral ministry with university students, 1944-1969. Founder, with Fr. Henri de Lubac, future cardinal, of the collection Sources chrétiennes, 1944. Founder of Cercle Saint-Jean-Baptiste, 1944. Contributor to Revue Dieu Vivant, 1945-1956. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965; as an expert. Founder of the Institut de science et de théologie des religions (ISTR) in 1967 at the Catholic Institut, Paris.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Taormina, April 11, 1969. Consecrated, April 19, 1969, Saint-Joseph-des-Carmes, Catholic Institute, Paris, by Cardinal-designate François Marty, archbishop of Paris, assisted by Julien Gouet, titular bishop of Auguro, auxiliary of Paris, and by Daniel Pézeril, titular bishop of Reperi, auxiliary of Paris.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of April 28, 1969; received the red biretta and the deaconry of S. Saba, April 30, 1969. Attended First Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 11 to 28, 1969. Elected member of the Academie Française, November 9, 1972; reception, November 22, 1972; succeeded Cardinal Eugène Tisserant. Knight of the Légion d'honneur. He published numerous theological works (1).

Death. May 20, 1974, unexpectedely, in the stairs of a brothel in Paris that he was visiting as part of his priestly ministry; he used to provide pastoral care to poor people and women of Paris slums. Buried in tomb of the Society of Jesus, Vaugirard cemetery, Paris.

Bibliography. Jore, Alexander. Épiscopologe Français de 1592 à 1973. Mis à jour et continué jusqu'en 2004. Complément de l'article "France" du Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie Ecclésiastiques t. XVIII, colonnes 161 à 532. Pro-Manuscripto, 25 - III- 2004, no. 3160; Lebeau, Paul. Jean Daniélou. Paris, Éditions Fleurus, 1967; Pizzuto, Pietro. La teologia della rivelazione di Jean Daniélou : influsso su Dei verbum e valore attuale. Roma : Pontificia Università Gregoriana, 2003. (Tesi gregoriana.; Serie Teologia ; 96); Rondeau, Marie-Joséphe. Jean Daniélou, 1905-1974. Paris : Éditions du Cerf : Axes, 1975.

(1) This is a list of his books, taken from the site of the Academie Française, linked above: Le signe du temple (1943); Platonisme et théologie mystique (1944); Le mystère du salut des nations (Le Seuil, 1946); Origéne (1948); Bible et Liturgie (1950); Essai sur le mystère de l'histoire (Le Cerf, 1953); Dieu et nous (Grasset, 1956); Théologie du Judéo-Christianisme (1958); Philon d'Alexandrie (1958); Approches du Christ (Grasset, 1960); Scandaleuse vérité (1961); Les Symboles chrétiens primitifs (Le Seuil, 1961) Au commencement (1963); L'Oraison, problème politique (1965); Mythes païens -- Mystère chrétien (1966); Les Évangiles de l'enfance (Desclie de Brouwer, 1967) Tests (Beauchesne, 1968); L'avenir de la religion (1968); La Résurrection (1969); La Foi de toujours et l'homme d'aujourd'hui (Beauchesne, 1969); Lêtre et le temps chez Grégoire de Nysse (Brill, 1971); Pourquoi l'Église? (1972).

Birth. June 4, 1933, Kanegem, diocese of Brugge, Belgium. He was the eldest of six siblings. He speaks English, French, German and Italian.

Education. Catholic University, Louvain; Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome (doctorate in theology).

Priesthood. Ordained, August 17, 1957, Brugge, by Emil Jozef De Smedt, bishop of Brugge. Further studies, Rome, 1957-1959. Faculty member and spiritual director, Major Seminary, Brugge, 1959-1969. Successively, 1969-1977, faculty member, Catholic University, Louvain, and editor-secretary of the Flemish interdiocesan review Collationes; in charge of the permanent diaconate in the diocese of Brugge; author of several books in theology.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Antwerpen, November 4, 1977. Consecrated, December 18, 1977, by Cardinal Leo-Jozef Suenens, archbishop of Mechelen-Brussels, assisted by Emiel-Jozef De Smedt, bishop of Brugge, by Jules Victor Daem, former bishop of Antwerp, by Jean Huard, bishop of Tournai, and by Guillaume Marie van Zuylen, bishop of Liège. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Mechelen-Brussels, December 19, 1979. President of the Episcopal Conference of Belgium. Military Ordinary for Belgium, September 15, 1980. Attended the V Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 26 to October 25, 1980; member of its general secretariat, 1980-1983. Attended the Special Synod of Dutch Bishops, Vatican City, January 14 to 26, 1980; one of the president delegates.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 2, 1983; received the red biretta and the title of S. Anastasia, February 2, 1983. Attended the VI Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 28, 1983; the II Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 24 to December 8, 1985; its relator. Attended the VII Ordinary Assembly of the World synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 30, 1987; member of its general secretariat, 1987-1990. Special papal envoy to the celebtration of the 150th anniversary of the Treaty of Watangi, Christchurch, New Zealand, April 29, 1990. Attended the VIII Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 28, 1990; member of its general secretariat, 1990-1994. Attended the Special Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops for Europe, Vatican City, November 28 to December 14, 1991; the IX Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 29, 1994; member of its general secretariat, 1994-1998. Attended the II Special Assembly for Europe of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 23, 1999. Attended the X Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Attended the XI General Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 23, 2005. Special papal envoy to Reims, France, for the celebrations of the millennium of the construction of the basilica of Saint-Remi, which took place on October 7, 2007. Will be special papal envoy to the celebrations of the 1350th anniversary of the birth of St. Willibrord, which will take place in Luxembourg from May 11 to 13, 2008. Special papal envoy to the celebrations of the 75th anniversary of the apparitions of the "Vierge des Pauvres", which took place in the Shrine of Banneux, Belgium, on May 31, 2008. Special papal envoy to the celebrations that took place in Valenciennes, France, on September 14, 2008, for the millennium of the pilgrimage in honor of Notre-Dame du Saint-Cordon. Attended the XII Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 5 to 26, 2008, on "The Word of God in the Life and Mission of the Church".

Links. Biography, in French; and his arms.

Birth. July 5, 1884, Rome, Italy. Son of Achille Dante, a devoted supporter of Giuseppe Garibaldi, the Italian patriot, and Zenaide Ingegni; she died when Enrico was 8 years old; he had a brother who was a missionary in Brazil.

Education. Secondary studies with the Fathers of Sion, Paris; Collegio Capranica, Rome, from 1901; Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome (doctorates in philosophy, theology canon law and civil law); Sacred Roman Rota, Rome (diploma of advocate rotale).

Priesthood. Ordained, July 3, 1910, church of S. Apollinare, Rome, by Giuseppe Ceppetelli, titular Latin patriarch of Constantinople, vice-gerent of Rome. Professor of philosophy at the Pontifical Urbanian Athenaeum "De Propaganda Fide," Roma, 1911 until 1928; and of theology 1928-1947. Official in the Sacred Apostolic Penitentiary, 1913. Member of the College of Pontifical Ceremoniers, March 25, 1914. In 1923, Pope Pius XI asked him to reopen the nunciature in Paris but he declined because he had two sisters in Rome and did not want to leave them behind. Substitute adjunct of the S.C. of Rites, October 26, 1923; substitute, September 28, 1930. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, May 15, 1943. Under-secretary of the S.C. Ceremonial, May 27, 1943. Prefect of pontifical ceremonies, June 13, 1947. Pro-secretary of the S.C. of Rites, January 24, 1959; secretary, January 5, 1960. Pastoral ministry in Agro Romano and in Torre Nova, as well as in the patriarchal Lateran basilica, Rome. Dean of the chapter of the church of S. Maria in Monte, piazza del Popolo, Rome. Administered the sacrament of confession for forty years in the church of Sacro Cuore al Suffragio, Rome. He was an enthusiastic athlete and helped to inaugurate the Rome soccer team; he was also a mountaineer. As papal ceremoniere he participated in the conclaves of 1914, 1922, 1939, 1958 and 1963 and the coronation of Popes Benedict XV, Pius XI, Pius XII, John XXIII and Paul VI. He was the first papal master of ceremonies to assist the pope in a consecration of a bishop, Gabriel Acacius Coussa, O.S.B.A., future cardinal, of the Byzantine rite.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Carpasia, August 28, 1962. Consecrated, September 21, 1962, patriarchal Lateran basilica, Rome, by Pope John XXIII, assisted by Francesco Carpino, titular archbishop of Sardica, assessor of the S.C. Consistorial, and by Pietro Parente, titular archbishop of Teolemaide di Tebaide, assessor of the Supreme S.C. of the Holy Office. In the same ceremony were consecrated future Cardinals Cesare Zerba, Pietro Palazzini, and Paul-Pierre Philippe, O.P. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 22, 1965; received the red biretta and the title of S. Agata dei Goti, deaconry elevated pro illa vice to title, February 25, 1965. Pope Paul VI visited him in the hospital, where he was convalescing, on April 6, 1967.

Death. April 24, 1967, early morning, Rome. Buried, basilica of S. Agata dei Goti, Rome.

Bibliography. "Enrico Dnte" in "I cenni biographici, le attività i meriti dei nuovi porporati." L'Osservatore Romano [electronic resource]. Città del Vaticano : L'Osservatore Romano, CV, n. 44 (February 22-23, 1965), p. 5; McElwain, A. R. "That man beside Pope John. Monsignor Dante is always in the picture." Catholic Digest. XXVI, 9 (July 1962), 14-18.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal patriarch, February 21, 2001. Attended X Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30-October 27, 2001. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Reappointed prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches and grand chancellor of the Pontifical Oriental Institute, April 21, 2005. Attended the XI General Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 23, 2005. Papal delegate to the ceremony of the confirmation of ecclesiastical communion of His Beatitude Antonios Naguib, new patriarch of Alexandria of the Copts. The ceremony took place on December 19, 2006 in the papal basilica of S. Paolo fuori le mura, Rome. Resigned the prefecture of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches, for reason of age limit, on June 9, 2007.

Link. His arms.

Birth. December 20, 1934, Muntilan, Jawa Island, archdiocese of Semarang, Indonesia. Son of Joachim Djasman Darmaatmadja and Maria Siti Supartimah. He was the youngest of six brothers. Baptized on December 21, 1934, in the church of St. Antonius in Muntilan. In 1942, when Japan invaded the Dutch East Indies during the Second World War, Julius and the family had to flee to Salam.

Education. Initial studies at Kanisius School, Salam, 1940-1941; continued his studies at Negeri Semen, Salam, 1942-1943; at Wonosari, Muntilan, 1944-1947; and at Kanisius Junior High School, Muntilan, 1949; continued his secondary studies at Minor Seminary of Magelang, Magelang, 1951-1957. Joined the Society of Jesus, December 7, 1957, Giri Sonta-Kiepu, Semarang; juniorate in Girisonta, 1959-1961; took the first vows, September 8, 1959; studied philosophy at College de Nobili in Poona, India (lincensiate to achieve a degree or master of philosophy), 1961-1964; he was also tutor and teacher at the Secondary Seminary of Mertoyudan, Magelang, 1961-1964; St. Ignatius College, Kentungan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia (theology), 1966-1971; took the last vows, Semarang, February 2, 1975.

Priesthood. Ordained, December 18, 1969, church of St. Antonius, Kota Baru, Yogyakarta, by Cardinal Justinus Darmojuwono, archbishop of Semarang. For several months in 1971, he worked in the parish Marganingsih Kalasan, Yogyakarta. From 1971 to 1983, faculty member and vice-prefect of Minor Seminary St. Peter Canisius, Semarang; pastoral ministry in the archdiocese of Semarang; assistant to the master of novices; rector of the Minor Seminary St. Peter Canisius, Semarang; member of the ministries commission; member of the Board of Advisors and chairman of the Archdiocesan Commission of Education, 1981-1983. Jesuit provincial of Indonesia, June 15, 1981 to 1983.

Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Semarang, February 19, 1983. Consecrated, June 29, 1983, Semarang, by Cardinal Justinus Darmojuwono, archbishop emeritus of Semarang, assisted by Francis Xavier Sudartanta Hadisumarta, O.C.D., bishop of Malang, and by Leo Soekoto, S.J., archbishop of Jakarta. Military Ordinary for Indonesia, April 28, 1984. President of the Indonesian Episcopal Conference, November 17, 1988 to 1997; and 2000 to 2006.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 26, 1994; received the red biretta and the title of S. Cuore di Maria, November 26, 1994. Transferred to the metropolitan see of Jakarta, January 11, 1996. Attended the Special Assembly for Asia of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, April 19 to May 18, 1998; one of its three presidents delegate; member the of the post-synodal council, May 8, 1998. Attended the X Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. On August 9, 2005, he was decorated with the grand star of Mahaputera by the government of the Republic of Indonesia; it was presented by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono at the State Palace, on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the independence of Indonesia. Resigned the pastoral government of the military ordinariate of Indonesia in conformity to canon 401 § 2 of the Code of Canon Law, January 2, 2006.

Link. Photographs amd biography, in Indonesian.

Birth. November 2, 1914, Godean, vicariate apostolic of Djakarta, Indonesia. Of a Muslim family; converted to Catholicism in 1932. His first name is also listed as Yustinus.

Education. Major Seminary of Jogiakarta; Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome.

Priesthood. Ordained, May 25, 1947, by Albert Soegijapranata, S.J., titular bishop of Danaba, apostolic vicar of Semarang. Faculty member of the Minor Seminary of Semarang, Indonesia, 1947-1948. Pastoral ministry in the apostolic vicariate of Semarang, 1948-1954; 1956-1962. Further studies, 1954-1956. Vicar general ot the archdiocese of Semarang, 1962-1963. Vicar capitular of the archdiocese of Semarang, 1963.

Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Semarang, December 10, 1963. Consecrated, April 6, 1964, Holy Rosary cathedral, Semarang, by Ottavio De Liva, titular archbishop of Heliopolis in Phoenicia, internuncio in Indonesia, assisted by Adrianus Djajasepoetra, S.J., archbishop of Djakarta, and Paul Sani Kleden, S.V.D., bishop of Denpasar. Attended the Second Vatican Council,1962 -1965.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of June 26, 1967; received the red biretta and the title of Ss.mi Nomi di Gesù e Maria in via Lata, deaconry elevated pro illa vice to title, June 29, 1967. President of the General Conference of Ordinaries of Indonesia, October 13, 1967. Attended the First Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 29, 1967; the First Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 11 to 28, 1969; the II Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to November 6, 1971; the III Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 27 to October 26, 1974. Participated in the conclave of August 25 to 26,1978, which elected Pope John Paul I. Participated in the conclave of October 14 to 16,1978, which elected Pope John Paul II. Attended the First Plenary Assembly of the Sacred College of Cardinals, Vatican City, November 5 to 9, 1979. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese, July 3, 1981. Resigned the military vicariate, January 1984. He was the first Indonesian cardinal.

Death. February 3, 1994, Semarang. Buried, Muntilan, Central Jawa, archdiocese of Semarang.

Bibliography. Justinus Darmojuwono, kardinal Indonesia pertama: aneka kesan dan kenangan. J. Hadiwikarta, penyunting. Jakarta: Obor, 1987.

DEARDEN, John Francis
(1907-1988)

Birth. October 15, 1907, Valley Falls, diocese of Providence, Rhode Island, United States. Son of John Sidney Dearden and Agnes Gregory.

Education. St. Mary's Seminary, Cleveland; North American College, Rome; Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome.

Priesthood. Ordained, December 8, 1932, Rome, by Cardinal Francesco Marchetti Selvaggiani, vicar general of Rome. Further studies, 1933-1934. Pastoral ministry in the diocese of Cleveland, 1934-1937. Faculty member of St. Mary's Seminary, Cleveland, 1937-1944; rector, 1944-1948. Privy chamberlain of His Holiness, July 19, 1945.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Sarepta and appointed coadjutor, with right of succession, of Pittsburgh, March 13, 1948. Consecrated, May 18, 1948, Saint Agnes Church, Cleveland, by Amleto Giovanni Cicognani, titular archbishop of Laodicea di Frigia, apostolic delegate in the United States, assisted by Edward Francis Hoban, bishop of Cleveland, and by Floyd Lawrence Begin, titular bishop of Sala, auxiliary of Cleveland. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, October 15, 1950. Succeeded to the see of Pittsburgh, December 22, 1950. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Detroit, December 18, 1958. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. President of the National Conference of Catholic Bishops/U.S. Catholic Conference, 1966-1971. Attended the First Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 29, 1967.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of April 28, 1969; received the red biretta and the title of S. Pio X alla Balduina, April 30, 1969. Attended the FirstI Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 11 to 28, 1969; the II Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to November 6, 1971; III Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 27 to October 26, 1974. Participated in the conclave of August 25 to 26, 1978, which elected Pope John Paul I. Participated in the conclave of October 14-16, 1978, which elected Pope John Paul II. Attended the First Plenary Assembly of the Sacred College of Cardinals, Vatican City, November 5 to 9, 1979. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese, July 15, 1980. Attended the Second Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 24 to December 8, 1985; special guest. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years of age, October 15, 1987.

Death. August 1, 1988, from pancreatic cancer, in Southfield, archdiocese of Detroit. Buried in Holy Sepulchre Catholic Cemetery, Southfield.

Bibliography. Bransom, Charles N. Ordinations of U. S. Catholic bishops 1970-1989. A chronological list. Washington, D.C. : National Conference of Catholic Bishops ; United States Catholic Conference, 1990, p. 113; Code, Bernard. Dictionary of the American Hierarchy (1789-1964). New York : Joseph F. Wagner, 1964, p. 63.

Link. His arms.

DECOURTRAY, Albert
(1923-1994)

Birth. April 9, 1923, hamlet of L'Amiteuse, Wattignies, diocese of Lille, France. His baptismal name was Albert Florent Augustin. He had a brother, Eliane, who died at 17; and two sisters, Paule and Blanche, who died at a young age.

Education. Initial studies at the Minor Seminary of Haubourdin, October 1940; entered the Grand Seminary of Lille, Lille, Otober 1941; military serivce, 1945-April 1946; completed studies at the Catholic Faculties of Lille, 1948; Pontifical Gregorian University, 1948-1951 (doctorate in theology, 1951; thesis on Nicolas Malebranche); Pontifical Biblical Institute, Rome, 1950-1951; Pontifical Biblical Institute, Jerusalem, July-December 1962.

Priesthood. Ordained, June 29, 1947, Lille, by Cardinal Achille Liénart, bishop of Lille. Further studies, Rome, 1948-1951; while in Rome, he was chaplain of the church of Saint-Louis des Français. Successively, 1952-1966, professor of Holy Scripture, Grand Seminary of Lille, 1952-1962; responsible for the formation of young priests of the diocese of Lille, 1958; responsible for the pastoral of the Grand Seminary of Lille, 1958; judge at the officialité of Lille, 1961; member of the episcopal commission of the clergy, 1965; vicar general of the diocese of Lille, 1966 and archdeacon of Roubaix, 1966; and responsible for the public schools chaplains.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Ippona Zárito and appointed auxiliary of Dijon, May 27, 1971. Consecrated, July 3, 1971, cathedral of Lille, by Adrien Gand, bishop of Lille, assisted by André-Jean-Marie Charles de la Brousse, bishop of Dijon, and by Jean-Baptiste-Étienne Sauvage, bishop of Annecy. Transferred to the see of Dijon, April 22, 1974. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Lyon, October 29, 1981. Vice-president of the Episcopal Conference of France, 1981-1987; its president, 1987-1990. Prelate of the Mission de France, April 23, 1982. Attended the VI Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 28, 1983.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of May 25, 1985; received the red biretta and the title of SS. Trinità al Monte Pincio, May 25, 1985. Attended the VII Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 30, 1987. Member of the Council of Cardinals for the Study of the Organizational and Economic Problems of the Holy See, January 20, 1986. Office of the Légion d'Honneur, 1986. Resigned the prelature, October 1, 1988. Electd, for one year, president of the Council of the Christian Churches of France, November 17, 1987. Received the first prize of the Droits de l'Homme, February 5, 1988. Special papal envoy to the celebration of the XVI centennial of the martyrdom of St. Maurice and his companions of the Theban Legion and the XVI centennial of the first basilica built in their honor, abbey of St. Maurice de Agaune, Switzerland, September 22, 1990. Attended the VIII Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 28, 1990. Received the prize "Action humanitaire" of B' nai B' rith, November 17, 1991. Elected member of the Academie Française, June 1, 1993; reception, March 10, 1994 (1).

Death. September 16, 1994, of a cerebral hemorrhage, while hospitalized shortly after collapsing in his apartment and falling into a deep coma from which he never emerged, in Lyon. The funeral took place on September 22, 1994 in the metropolitan and primatial cathedral of Saint-Jean-Baptiste of Lyon; after the funeral he was buried in the crypt of that cathedral.

Bibliography. Barrillot, Bruno. Albert Decourtray : un évêque au fil des jours. Paris : Les éditions ouvrières, 1989 . (A pleine vie.; Variation: Collection "A pleine vie); Berthod, Bernard ; Ladous, Régis. Le cardinal Decourtray. Lyon : LUGD, 1996. (Hommes et Régions); Decourtray, Albert ; Sève, André. Le cardinal Decourtray : 22 entretiens avec André Sève. Paris : Le Centurion, 1986. (Les Interviews; Variation: Interviews [Centurion Firm]); Decourtray, Albert ; Schumann, Maurice. Réception de M. le Cardinal Albert Decourtray : discours prononcés dans la séance publique le jeudi 10 mai 1994 ; [réponse de M. Maurice Schumann au discours de M. le Cardinal Albert Decourtray]. Paris : Palais de l'Institut : Imprimerie nationale, 1994. (Institut (Paris, France) ; 1994-4); Decourtray, Albert ; Domenach, Nicolas ; Szafran, Maurice. Le testament inachevé : entretiens avec Nicolas Domenach et Maurice Szafran. Paris : Flammarion, 1994; Hommage au cardinal Decourtray à la suite de sa réception à l'Académie française. Bulletin de l'Institut catholique de Lyon. Avril-juin 1994, no 105; Huvet, Michel. Les années Decourtray, 1971-1981, un évêque à Dijon. Précy-sous-Thil : Editions de l'Armancon, 1990; Jore, Alexander. Épiscopologe Français de 1592 à 1973. Mis à jour et continué jusqu'en 2004. Complément de l'article "France" du Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie Ecclésiastiques t. XVIII, colonnes 161 à 532. Pro-Manuscripto, 25 - III- 2004, no. 3183; Sauzay, Laurent. Le cardinal Decourtray et les médias. Thèse de maîtrise. Université Jean-Moulin Lyon III, 1991; Sauzay, Laurent. "Histoire de la conversion d'un évêque aux médias. Le cas de Mgr Albert Decourtray, cardinal-archevêque de Lyon, 1981-1994." Cahiers d'histoire XLI (1996) pp. 529-551.

(1) This is a list of his works, taken from the site of the Academie Française: Foi et raison chez Malebranche, 1949; Livre de la Sagesse, 1955; Osée, 1962; Elisabeth de la Trinité, un prophète de Dieu pour notre temps, 1979; Présence dElisabeth de la Trinité, 1980; Vingt-deux entretiens avec André Sève (Le Centurion), 1986 ; Une voix dans la rumeur du monde (Le Centurion), 1988; Un évêque et Dieu (Fayard), 1989; Comment vivre le Sacrement de la Pénitence, 1992; Le testament inachevé (posthume), 1994.

Link. His arms.

Birth. September 6, 1930, Vernole, diocese of Lecce, Italy. Third of the eight children of Vito De Giorgi and Anna Teresa De Carlo.

Education. Episcopal Seminary, Lecce; Regional Seminary, Molfetta.

Priesthood. Ordained, June 28, 1953, Vernole, by Francesco Minerva, bishop of Lecce. Secretary to the bishop of Lecce, 1953-1958. Successively, 1953-1973, in the diocese of Lecce, pastoral ministry; diocesan assistant to the Federation of Italian Catholic University Students; secretary of the diocesan catechetical office; ecclesiastical assistant of the youth of Catholic Action; ecclesiastical assistant of the Movement of Catholic Teachers; faculty member, State Classical Lyceum; delegate of the commission for sacred chant; delegate of the Italian Association of Sacred Chant (AISC); episcopal vicar for lay apostolate; episcopal delegate for diocesan organic pastoral and director of its office; member of the presbyterial council; and member of the directive council of the diocesan pastoral institute of C.E.P.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Tulana and auxiliary of Oria, November 21, 1973. Consecrated, December 27, 1973, Lecce, by Francesco Minerva, bishop of Lecce, assisted by Guglielmo Motolese, archbishop of Taranto, and by Alberico Semeraro, bishop of Oria. Named coadjutor, with right of succession of Oria, November 29, 1975. Succeeded to the see of Oria, March 17, 1978. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Foggia with the dioceses of Bovino and Troia, united in persona episcopi, April 4, 1981. Named archbishop of Foggia-Bovino when Italian dioceses were restructured, September 30, 1986. Resigned the pastoral government of Troia, September 30, 1986. Transferred to the metropolitan see of Taranto, October 10, 1987. General ecclesiastical assistant of the Italian Catholic Action, February 2, 1990. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese, May 11, 1990. Ecclesiastical assistant of the international forum of the Catholic Action, 1991. President of the Italian Federation of Spiritual Exercises, 1992. Transferred to the metropolitan see of Palermo, April 4, 1996.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 21, 1998; received the red biretta and the title of S. Maria in Ara Coeli, February 21, 1998. Special papal envoy to the celebration of the closing of the Siracusan Marian Year that took place in the Shrine della Madonna delle Lacrime, Siracusa, Sicily, Italy, September 1, 2003. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. His resignation from the pastoral government of the archdiocese of Palermo, in conformity to canon 401 § 1 of the Code of Canon Law, was accepted by the pope on December 19, 2006. Apostolic administrator of Palermo, December 19, 2006 until the installation of his successor on February 10, 2007. The Permanent Episcopal Council of the Italian Episcopal Conference named him president of the Italian Federation of Spiritual Exercises (Fies) on January 30, 2007. Special papal envoy to the conclusive celebration of the millennium of the dedication of the co-cathedral of Sarsina, Italy, which took place on May 31, 2009.

Links. Photograph and biography, in Italian; and his arms.

Birth. July 30, 1853 (1), at 6 a.m., Malo, diocese of Vicenza, Italy. Second child of Antonio De Lai and Maria Silvagni. He was baptized two days later in the parish church of Malo. He had two sisters, Adelaide and Antonia Pietra. His last name is also listed as Dellai.

Education. Elementary and ginnasiali studies in the local parochial school or Seminarietto, under Fr. Agostino Ciscato; Seminary of Vicenza, Vicenza, 1867-1870; Pontifical Roman Seminary of S. Apollinare, Rome, 1870-1876 (doctorates in theology, philosophy and utroque iure, both canon and civil law); "Studio" of the S.C. of the Council.

Priesthood. Ordained, Easter Sunday April 16, 1876, Rome, by Cardinal Costantino Patrizi Naro, vicar of His Holiness for Rome. Celebrated his first mass on the following day in the church of S. Apollinare. Further studies, 1876-1878. Staff member of the S.C. of Council, 1878-1891. Professor of canon law at the Pontifical Roman Seminary. Privy chamberlain, July 23, 1886. Undersecretary of the S.C. of the Council, March 23, 1891. Domestic prelate, March 7, 1897. Pro-secretary of the S.C. of the Council, June 19, 1903; secretary, November 11, 1903.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of December 16, 1907; received the red hat and the deaconry of S. Nicola in Carcere, December 19, 1907. Secretary of S.C. Consistorial, October 20, 1908. President of one of the two subcommissions for the codification of canon law. President of the Commission for the reorganization of the Roman Curia, 1908.

Episcopate. Opted for the order of cardinal bishops and the suburbicarian see of Sabina, November 27, 1911. Consecrated, December 17, 1911, in the Sistine Chapel, Rome, by Pope Pius X, assisted by Agostino Sili, titular archbishop of Cesarea, and by Agostino Zampini, O.S.A., titular bishop of Porfreone and sacristan of His Holiness. Granted faculty to crown, in the name and with the authority of the Holy See, the image of the Virgin Mother of God, Santa Maria in Vico, diocese of Acerra, July 20, 1913. Decorated with the grand cross of the Austrian Order of Sankt Stefan, 1914. Participated in the conclave of 1914, which elected Pope Benedict XV. Vice-dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals, March 23, 1919. Papal legate to the Regional Council of Sicily, 1920. Participated in the conclave of 1922, which elected Pope Pius XI. Papal legate to the 7th National Eucharistic Congress, Genoa, August 10, 1923; to the Plenary Council of Sardinia, Oristano, April 2, 1924. Apostolic administrator of the diocese of Poggio Mirteto, August 7, 1924. Named bishop of Poggio Mirteto, diocese united to Sabina, on June 3, 1925. Named papal legate to the opening of Holy Door, S. Paolo fuori le mura, December 18, 1924; closing, December 14, 1925.

Death. October 24, 1928, Rome. Buried in Campo Verano cemetery, Rome. On March 14, 1929, his remains were transferred to Malo and buried in the Shrine of the Madonna Liberata (2).

Bibliography. Azzolin, Giovanni. Gaetano De Lai : l'uomo forte di Pio X : cultura e fede nel Iº Novecento nell'esperienza del cardinale vicentino. Prefazione di Pietro Nonis. Vicenza : Accademia Olimpica, 2003; "Cardinali defunti." Annuario pontificio per l'anno 1939, Città del Vaticano : Tipografia poliglotta vaticana, 1938, p.78; Daniel, Charles; Paul-Marie Baumgarten; Antoine de Waal. Rome; le chef suprême l'organisation et l'administration centrale de l'église. Paris : Plon, 1900, p. 681; "Liste des cardinaux par ordre alphabétique." Annuaire Pontifical Catholique de 1919, Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1920, p. 96; Pięta, Zenonem. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen IX (1903-1922). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 2002, pp. 10, 26.

(1) This is according to Azzolin, Giovanni. Gaetano De Lai : l'uomo forte di Pio X, p. 21; and "Cardinali defunti." Annuario pontificio per l'anno 1939, p. 78. "Liste des cardinaux par ordre alphabétique." Annuaire Pontifical Catholique de 1919, p. 96; and Daniel, Rome; le chef suprême l'organisation et l'administration centrale de l'église, p. 681, say that he was born on July 26, 1853.
(2) This is the inscritpion on his tombstone, taken from Azzolin, Gaetano De Lai : l'uomo forte di Pio X, p. 230, note 464:

Birth. December 10, 1914, Timaru, diocese of Christchurch, New Zealand. He was the eldest child and only son of Archibald Patrick Delargey and Kathleen May Fitzgerald; she died in 1929 and his father brought up a family of six. His baptismal name was Reginald John.

Education. Initial studies at Catholic schools in Lawrence, Napier and Patea; Sacred Heart College, Auckland; Holy Cross College, Mosgiel, 1932-1934; Pontifical Urbanian Athenaeum, Rome, 1934-1939 (obtained a doctorate in theology in 1939).

Priesthood. Ordained, March 19, 1938, Rome, by Cardinal Pietro Fumasoni Biondi, prefect of the S.C. for the Propagation of the Faith. Returned to New Zealand after the start of the Second World War. Curate in the parish of Takapuna; and later at St Patricks cathedral, Auckland. Director of the Catholic Social Services of the diocese of Auckland, 1940-1947. He was appointed, in 1942, director of the Catholic Youth Movement; and later introduced the work of the Young Christian Students into the Catholic secondary schools. In 1957, he represented New Zealand at the congresses of Young Christian Workers and the Lay Apostolate celebrated in Rome.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Irima and appointed auxiliary of Auckland, November 25, 1957. Consecrated, February 27, 1958, Auckland, by James Michael Liston, archbishop-bishop of Auckland, assisted by Peter Thomas McKeefry, archbishop of Wellington, and by John Patrick Kavanagh, bishop of Dunedin. National director of Missions, 1958. Attended the II Vatican Council, 1962-1965. Transferred to the see of Auckland, September 1, 1970. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Wellington, April 25, 1974.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of May 24, 1976; received the red biretta and the title of Inmmacolata al Tiburtino, May 24, 1976. President of the Episcopal Conference of New Zealand, 1976-1979. Participated in the conclave of August 25 to 26,1978, which elected Pope John Paul I. Participated in the conclave of October 14 to 16,1978, which elected Pope John Paul II.

Death. January 29, 1979, Mater Misericordiæ Hospital, Auckland. Buried in the priests' plot at Karori Cemetery, outside Wellington. In the same plot is buried Cardinal Peter Thomas McKeefry, archbishop of Wellington, first cardinal from New Zealand.

Bibliography. Sweetman, Rory. "Delargey, Reginald John 1914 - 1979". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, vol. 5 (1941-1960), 2000.

Birth. November 14, 1873, neighborhood of "La Loma", Quito, Ecuador. Son of Mario de la Torre and María Nieto León. His baptismal name was Carlos María Javier.

Education. Primary studies at "Colegio El Cebollar" of the Brothers of the Christian Schools, Quito; he had holy Hermano Miguel as his teacher; secondary studies at Jesuit "Colegio San Gabriel", Quito; Conciliar Seminary, Quito; Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome (doctorates in theology and canon law, 1896); resided at Pontificio Collegio Latino Americano, Rome until 1896.

Priesthood. Ordained, December 19, 1896, Rome. Successively, 1896-1911, in the archdiocese of Quito, chaplain of "Colegio de los Sagrados Corazones"; professor of dogmatic theology at the Conciliar Seminary; pastor in Pelileo for a short time; canon theologian of the metropolitan cathedral chapter; chancellor-secretary to Archbishop Federico González of Quito; and pro-vicar general.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Loja, December 30, 1911. Consecrated, May 26, 1912, metropolitan cathedral of Quito, by Federico González Suárez, archbishop of Quito, assisted by Manuel Polit, bishop of Cuenca, and by Juan María Riera, bishop of Guayaquil. Transferred to the diocese of Riobomba, August 21, 1919. Transferred to the diocese of Guayaquil, December 20, 1926. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Quito, September 8, 1933. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, December 19, 1946. Decorated by the Spanish government with the Cruz of Alfonso X, el Sabio, January 1953.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of January 12, 1953; received the red hat and the title of S. Maria in Aquiro, deaconry elevated pro illa vice to title, January 15, 1953. Papal legate to the National Eucharistic Congress, San José, Costa Rica, December 26, 1954. Attended the I General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, July 25-August 4, 1955. Papal legate to the First Plenary Council of Ecuador, Quito, July 28, 1957. Papal legate to the National Eucharistic Congress, Guayaquil, Ecuador, August 28, 1958. Participated in the conclave of 1958, which elected Pope John XXIII. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962. Did not participate in the conclave of 1963, which elected Pope Paul VI. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese, May 1967. He was the founder of the Catholic University of Ecuador, of the Catholic radio station and of the Catholic daily "La Unión". Member of the Ecuadorian Academy of the Language. He was the first cardinal from Ecuador.

Death. July 31, 1968, Quito. Buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Quito.

Bibliography. Essor, Augusto. Púrpura en Quito; los cardenales, nuestro cardinal. Quito : Imp. Col Sal. "Don Bosco", 1950-1959?

Link. Portrait and biography, in Spanish.

Birth. November 21, 1854, Pegli (1), Genoa, Italy. Son of Marquis Giuseppe della Chiesa and Giovanna Migliorati. Baptized, November 22, 1854, church of Nostra Signora della Vigna, by Father Cardinali; received the names Giacomo Giambattista.

Education. University of Genova, Genoa (law); Seminary of Genoa, Genoa; Collegio Capranica, Rome, 1875; Pontifical Academy of Ecclesiastical Nobles, Rome, 1879-1883; Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome (doctorate in theology, 1879; doctorate in canon law, 1880).

Priesthood. Ordained, December 21, 1878, by Cardinal Raffaele Monaco La Valletta, vicar of Rome, patriarchal Lateran basilica, Rome. Further studies, 1878-1882. Staff member of the S.C. for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, 1882-1883. Secretary to the nuncio in Spain, January 2, 1883 to 1887. Privy chamberlain supernumerary, June 11, 1883. Staff member of the Secretariat of State, 1887-1901: minutante from 1887; capo d'ufficio of Cardinal Mariano Rampolla del Tindaro, secretary of State, 1887-1901. Domestic prelate, July 18, 1900. Substitute of the Secretariat of State, and secretary of ciphering, April 23, 1901. Professor at the Pontifical Academy of Ecclesiastical Nobles, Rome.

Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Bologna, December 18, 1907. Consecrated, December 22, 1907, in the Sistine Chapel, Rome, by Pope Pius X, assisted by Pietro Balestra, archbishop of Cagliari, and by Teodoro Valfrè di Bonzo, archbishop of Vercelli.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of May 25, 1914; received the red hat and the title of Ss. Quattri Coronati, May 28, 1914. Participated in the conclave of 1914 and was elected pope.

Papacy. Elected pope on September 3, 1914. Took the name Benedict XV. Crowned, September 6, 1914, Sistine Chapel, by Cardinal Francesco Salesio della Volpe, protodeacon of S. Maria in Aquiro. Created and published thirty-three cardinals in five consistories. One of them was reserved in pectore and his name was never published, therefore, his promotion did not take effect.

Death. January 22, 1922, Vatican City. Buried on January 26, 1922 in the grotto of the patriarchal Vatican basilica.

Bibliography. Barry, William. "Benedict XV : pontiff of peace." The Dublin Review, CLXX (1922), 161-178; Beyens, Eugène-Napoléon. Quatre ans à Rome, 1921-1926; fin du pontificat de Benoît XV -- Pie XI -- les débuts du fascisme. Avec un portrait hor texte. Paris : Plon, 1934; Bourassa, Henri. Le pape arbitre de la paix. Montréal : Devoir, 1918; De Rosa, Gabriele. "Benedetto XV." Enciclopedia dei papi. 3 vols. Roma : Istituto della Enciclopedia italiana, 2000, III, 608-617; Dillon, E. J. "The pope and the belligerants." The Contemporary Review, CVII (May 1915), 553-571; Di Pietro. Maria. Benedetto XV. Milan : Società editrice Vita e Pensiero, 1936; Durante, Antonio. Benedetto XV. Rome : Editrice A. V. E., 1939; Goyau, Georges. Papauté et Chretienté sous Benoît XV. Paris : Perrin et Cie., 1922; Hayward, Fernand. Un pape méconnu : Benoî. Tournai : Castermann, 1955; Lama, Friedrich Ritter von. Die Friedensvermittlung Papst Benedikts XV und ihre Vereitlung durch den deutschen Reichskanzler Michaelis. Münche : Kösel und Pustet, 1932; Lama, Friedrich, Ritter von. Peace action of Pope Benedict XV; a summary by the History Committee of Friedrich Ritter von Lama's Die Friedensvermittlung Papst Benedikt XV. und ihre Vereitlung durch den deutschen Reichskanzler Michaelis. Washington, D.C. : The Catholic Association for International Peace, 1936; Meluzzi, Luciano. I vescovi e gli arcivescovi di Bologna. Bologna : Grafica Emiliana, 1975, (Collana storico-ecclesiastica; 3), pp. 554-564; Migliori, Giambattista. Benedetto XV. Milan : La Favilla, 1932; Peters, Walter H. The life of Benedict XV. Milwaukee: The Bruce Publishing Co., 1959; Pichon, Francis. Benoît XV. Paris : Éditions Spes, 1940; Pollard, John Francis. Benedict XV : the unknown pope and the pursuit of peace. London ; New York : Continuum, 2005, 1999. Note: Originally published: The unknown pope. London : Geoffrey Chapman, 1999; Rope, Henry Edward George. Benedict XV, the pope of peace. London : J. Gifford limited, 1941; Tworkowski, Waclaw. Wilson et Benoît XV : autour de la Société des Nations. Montreux : Société de l'Impr. & lithographie, 1920; Vistalli, Francesco. Benedetto XV. Con prefazione di sua eminenza revma il Signor Card. Alfonso M. Mistrangelo. Rome : Tipografia Poliglotta Vaticana, 1928; Volder, Jan de. Benoît XV et la Bélgique durant la grande guerre. Bruxelles : Institut historique belge de Rome, 1996. (Bibliothèque / Institut historique belge de Rome ; Bibliotheek / Belgisch Historisch Instituut te Rome ; 41; Variation: Bibliothèque de l''nstitut historique belge de Rome ; fasc. 41); Wood, L. J. S. "Benedict XV, pontiff of peace." The Dublin Review, CLXX (April 1922), 161-212.

Link. Biography, in English; biography, in Spanish; brief biography, in Italian; another biography in Italian; his episcopal lineage, in English; portrait, arms and biographical data, in English; his photograph; his image, arms, photograph and biographical data, in German; his monument by Pietro Canonica, patriarchal Vatican basilica, Rome.

(1) Pegli is a summer touristic municipality next to Genoa, united to the city in 1926.

Birth. December 9, 1903, Milan, Italy. Son of Giovanni Dell'Acqua and Giuseppina Varalli.

Education. Seminary of Monza, Milan; Seminary of Milan, Milan (doctorate in theology); Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome (doctorate in canon law). Received the diaconate, December 19, 1925, Milan.

Priesthood. Ordained, May 9, 1926, church of S. Bernardino, Sesto Calende, archdiocese of Milan, by Cardinal Eugenio Tossi. Joined the Oblates of Ss. Carlo e Ambrogio, May 9, 1928. Pastoral ministry in the archdiocese of Milan, and secretary to the archbishop of Milan, 1928-1929. Further studies, 1929-1931. Privy chamberlain of His Holiness, December 19, 1931. Secretary of the apostolic delegation in Turkey and Greece, 1931-1935. Rector of the Pontifical Pio Romanian College, Rome, 1935-1938. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, June 15, 1936. Staff member of the Secretariat of State, 1938-1950. Pastoral ministry in the diocese of Rome, 1938-1950. Under-secretary adjunct of the S.C. of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, August 28, 1950. Substitute of the Secretariat of State, for ordinary ecclesiastical affairs, and secretary of ciphering, February 17, 1953. Substitute of the Secretariat of State, November 1, 1954.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Chalcedonia, December 14, 1958. Consecrated, December 27, 1958, patriarchal Vatican basilica, by Pope John XXIII, assisted by Girolamo Bartolomeo Bortignon, O.F.M.Cap., bishop of Padua, and by Gioacchino Muccin, bishop of Feltre e Belluno. In the same ceremony were consecrated Cardinal Domenico Tardini, secretary of State; Albino Luciani, bishop of Vittorio Veneto, future cardinal and Pope John Paul I; and future Cardinals Carlo Grano, titular archbishop of Tessalonica, nuncio in Italy; Giuseppe Ferretto, titular archbishop of Sardica, assessor of the S.C. Consistorial and secretary of the Sacred College of Cardinals; and Mario Casariego, C.R.S., titular bishop of Pudenziana, auxiliary of Guatemala. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of June 26, 1967; received the red biretta and the title of Ss. Ambrogio e Carlo, June 29, 1967. President of the Prefecture for Economic Affairs of the Holy See, September 23, 1967. Attended the I Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 29, 1967. Vicar general of His Holiness for the city of Rome and its district, and grand chancellor of the Pontifical Lateran University, January 13, 1968. Represented Pope Paul VI at the funeral of Senator of Robert F. Kennedy, New York, June 8, 1968. Received honorary doctorates from Loyola University, Chicago University and Fordham University, New York, June 1968. Attended the I Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 11 to 28, 1969. Archpriest of the patriarchal Lateran basilica, Rome, November 7, 1970. Attended the II Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to November 6, 1971.

Death. August 27, 1972, suddenly, of a heart attack, at the entrance of the basilica of the Rosary, Lourdes, France; the funeral, presided by Pope Paul VI, took place on August 31, 1972 at the patriarchal Lateran basilica, Rome. Buried in the family tomb in Sesto Calende cemetery. The body was transferred on August 31, 1997 to the parish church of S. Bernardino, Sesto Calende, where he had been ordained to the priesthood.

Bibliography. Lanfranchi, Mauro. Il diplomatico che sorrideva. Profilo biografico del Cardinale Angelo Dell'Acqua. Sesto Calende : Cooperativa "Il Ponte", 1997; Melloni, Alberto. Angelo Dell'Acqua : prete, diplomatico e cardinale al cuore della politica vaticana (1903-1972). Bologna : Il mulino, 2004. (Santa Sede e politica nel Novecento ; 2).

Birth. January 13, 1911, Banja Luka, Bosnia-Erzegovina, Austria-Hungary. He was the youngest of the the six children of Count Gian Vito Del Mestri and Baroness Marianna Degrazia. He had title of count.

Education. Initial studies in Banja Luka; Jesuit Lyceum, Kalksburg, Vienna (classics, 1929); Almo Collegio Capranica, Rome, 1930-1937; Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome (doctorates in philosophy, 1932; in theology, 1937; and in canon law, 1940); Pontifical Academy of Ecclesiastical Nobles, Rome, 1937-1940.

Priesthood. Ordained, April 11, 1936, patriarchal Lateran basilica, Rome, by Cardinal Francesco Marchetti-Selvaggiani, vicar of Rome. Incardinated in diocese of Gorizia, Italy. Pastoral ministry and faculty member in the minor seminary, diocese of Gorizia, 1937-1938. Further studies, 1938-1940. Attaché of the nunciature in Yugoslavia, 1940-1941. Secretary of the apostolic delegation in Lebanon, 1941-1943. Privy chamberlain of His Holiness, October 21, 1941. Secretary, and later auditor, of the nunciature in Romania, 1943-1950; expelled by the Communist regime, July 1950. In the Secretariat of State, Vatican City, 1950-1951. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, October 6, 1951. As chargé d'affaires, he was charged with the opening the nunciature in Syria, 1951-1953. Chargé d'affaires, nunciature in Indonesia, 1953. Counselor in the nunciature in Germany, 1953-1959. Apostolic delegate in British Eastern and Western Africa, with residence in Nairobi, October 3, 1959. On September 23, 1960, the delegation was divided into Central-Western, Western, and Eastern. He continued as apostolic delegate in Eastern Africa, with residence in Lagos.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Tuscamia, October 28, 1961. Consecrated, December 31, 1961, cathedral of the Holy Family, Nairobi, by Cardinal Laurean Rugambwa, bishop of Bukoba, assisted by Cornelius Chitsulo, bishop of Dedza, and by Ireneus Dud, titular bishop of Barcuso, apostolic vicar of of Bahr-el-Ghazal. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. Received the title of pro-nuncio, November 1965. Apostolic delegate in México, September 9, 1967. Pro-nuncio in Canada, June 20, 1970. Nuncio in Germany, August 12, 1975 until August 3, 1984.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of June 28, 1991; received the red biretta and the deaconry of S. Eustachio, June 28, 1991. Promoted to the cardinalate when he was over 80 years old, and thus, he did not have the right to participate in the conclave. Chaplain, Theresienklinik Hospital, Nürenberg, Germany.

Death. August 2, 1993, Theresienklinik Hospital, Nürenberg, Germany. Buried, family chapel of St. Anthony, near Medea, Gorizia, Italy.

Bibliography. Bergh, Hendrik van. Botschafter des Papstes : 400 Jahre Nuntius in Deutschland, dem Apostolischen Nuntius, Erzbischof Guido Del Mestri, zu seinem Abschied von Deutschland. Berg, Starnberger See 3 : Türmer Verlag, 1984, pp. 282-298; LeBlanc, Jean. Dictionnaire biographique des évêques catholiques du Canada. Les diocèses catholiques canadiens des Églises latine et orientales et leurs évêques; repères chronologiques et biographiques, 1658-2002. Ottawa : Wilson & Lafleur, 2002. (Gratianus. Série instruments de recherche), pp. 268-269.

Birth. February 29, 1924, Sancygniów, diocese of Kielce, Poland. Of a family of French origin. Son of Andrzej Ludwika Deskur and Stanisławy Janiny z Kosseckich. He was baptized in the parish of Sts. Peter and Paul, Sancygniów; his baptismal name was Andrzej Maria Michał.

Education. Jagellonian University, Kraców; (doctorate in law); secretary general of Bratniak Polish University Association. Seminary of Kraków, Kraków. Catholic University, Fribourg, Switzerland (doctorate in moral theology, specialty in social sciences).

Priesthood. Ordained, August 20, 1950, St. Bonnet-les-Oules, France, by Cardinal Pierre-Marie Gerlier, archbishop of Lyon. Incardinated in the archdiocese of Kraków. Further studies and pastoral ministry in France and Switzerland, 1950-1952. Joined the Vatican Secretariat of State, September 1952. Undersecretary of the Pontifical Commission for Cinema, Radio and Television, 1954-1965. Secretary of the Secretariat for the Press, preparatory phase of the II Vatican Council, 1960-1962. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965 as an expert. Undersecretary of the Pontifical Commission for Social Communications, 1964; secretary, 1970; president, September 1973.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Tene, June 17, 1974. Consecrated, June 30, 1974, patriarchal Vatican basilica, by Pope Paul VI, assisted by Giovanni Benelli, titular archbishop of Tusuro, substitute of the Secretariat of State, and by Duraisamy Simon Lourdusamy, archbishop emeritus of Bangalore, secretary of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples. Attended the III Ordinary Assembly of the the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 27 to October 26, 1974; IV Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 29, 1977. Attended the III General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, Puebla, México, January 27 to February 13, 1979. Promoted to archbishop, February 15, 1980. Attended the VI Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 29 to September 28, 1983. President emeritus of the Pontifical Council of Social Communications, April 8, 1984.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of May 25, 1985; received the red biretta and the deaconry of S. Cesareo in Palatio, May 25, 1985. President of the Pontifical Academy of the Immaculate Conception, Rome, January 24, 1987. Opted for order of cardinal priests and his deaconry was elevated pro hac vice to title, January 29, 1996. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years old, February 29, 2004.

Bibliography. Prokop, Krzysztof Rafał. Polscy kardynałowie. Kraków : Wydawnictwo WAM, 2001, pp. 353-362.

Link. His arms.

Birth. December 13, 1901, Parma, Italy.

Education. Joined the Society of Jesus, December 2, 1918. Jesuit houses of study in Italy, Spain, and Germany.

Priesthood. Ordained, March 25, 1928. Faculty member, Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome, 1929-1932; moved to Davosplatz because of poor health. Took final vows, February 2, 1935. Provincial of the Veneto-Milan province, 1935-1939. Rector and faculty member of the Pontifical Philosophical Faculty, Galarate, Italy, September 24, 1939. Faculty member and rector of the Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome, August 5, 1941. Faculty member, St. Robert Bellarmino College, Rome, 1951-1965. General delegate for the Jesuit International Houses, 1951-1962. Secretary general of the International Federation of Catholic Universities; faculty member, Pontifical Lateran Athenaeum. General assistant of the Society of Jesus, 1965. Regional assistant for Italy. Confessor to Popes Paul VI and John Paul I from 1966 until 1978. Admonitor to the Superior General, 1973. President of the Commission of Superior Studies of the Society of Jesus, 1974. Appointed by the pope pontifical delegate to the Society of Jesus, October 5, 1981; occupied the post until September 13, 1983.

Episcopate. Requested to be dispensed from the requirement of episcopal ordination because of advanced age and the dispensation was granted by Pope John Paul II.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of June 28, 1991; received the red biretta and the deaconry of S. Ignazio di Loyola a Campo Marzio, June 28, 1991. Promoted to the cardinalate when he was over 80 years old, and thus, he did not have the right to participate in the conclave.

Death. December 17, 1999, Rome. Buried, temporarily, in the mausoleum of the Society of Jesus in Campo Verano cemetery, Rome. The remains were transferred to the church of S. Ignazio di Loyola a Campo Marzio, Rome, on Sunday December 17, 2006.

DIAS, Ivan
(1936-

Birth. April 14, 1936, Mumbai, then Bombay, India.

Education. Seminary of Bombay, Bombay; Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy, Rome; Pontifical Lateran University, Rome (doctorate in canon law). He speaks Hindu, English, Italian, Spanish and French.

Priest. Ordained, December 8, 1958, Bombay, by Cardinal Valerian Gracias, archbishop of Bombay. Pastoral ministry in Bombay, 1958-1961. Further studies, Rome, 1961-1964. Privy chamberlain of His Holiness, December 4, 1964 (title changed to chaplain of His Holiness, 1968). Worked in the secretariat of State preparing the visit of Pope Paul VI to the International Eucharistic Congress of Bombay, 1964. From 1965 to 1973, secretary of nunciatures in Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Iceland, Finland, Indonesia, Madagascar, La Reunion Island, Comore Island and Mauritius. From 1973 to 1982, in the secretariat of State, head of the section for the Soviet Union, the Baltic States, Bielorussia, Ukraine, Poland, Bulgaria, China, Viet Nâm, Laos, Cambodia, South Africa, Namibia, Lesotho, Swaziland, Zimbabwe, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Zambia, Kenya and Tanzania.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Rusubisir and appointed pro-nuncio in Ghana, Togo and Benin, May 8, 1982. Consecrated, June 19, 1982, patriarchal Vatican basilica, by Cardinal Agostino Casaroli, secretary of State, assisted by Achille Silvestrini, titular archbishop of Novaliciana, secretary of the Council for the Public Affairs of the Church, and by Duraisamy Simon Lourdusamy, archbishop emeritus of Bangalore, secretary of the S.C. for the Evangelization of Peoples. Nuncio in Korea, June 20, 1987. Nuncio in Albania, October 28, 1991. Apostolic administrator of the apostolic administration of Southern Albania, 1992-1996. Transferred to the metropolitan see of Bombay, November 8, 1997; occupied the post until his appointment as prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples, May 20, 2006. Attended the Special Assembly for Asia of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, April 19 to May 14, 1998.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the title of Spirito Santo alla Ferratella, February 21, 2001. Member of the Council of Cardinals for the Study of the Organizational and Economic Problems of the Holy See, March 10, 2001. Attended the X Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001; president delegate. Special papal envoy to the celebrations programmed in Tirana, April 25, 2003, for the 10th anniversary of the papal visit to Albania. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Attended the XI General Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 23, 2005; by papal appointment. Named prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples and grand chancellor of the Pontifical Urbanian University, May 20, 2006. Special papal envoy to the celebrations of the centennial of the evangelization of Ghana, which will take place in Navrongo on April 23, 2007. Special papal envoy to the opening of the Jubilee Year for the 150th anniversary of the apparitions of the Blessed Virgin Mary to St. Bernadette Soubirous, in the Shrine of Our Lady of Lourdes, France, December 8, 2007. Special papal envoy to the celebrations of the New Christian Millennium in Ethiopia, which took place in Addis Abeba from May 2 to 4, 2008, in the occasion of the Ethiopian National Eucharistic Congress. Attended the XII Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 5 to 26, 2008, on "The Word of God in the Life and Mission of the Church". Participated in the Second Special Assembly for Africa of the Synod of Bishops, October 4 to 25, 2009, Vatican City, on the theme "The Church in Africa, at the Service of Reconciliation, Justice and Peace: You Are the Salt of the Earth; You Are the Light of the World".

Birth. December 22, 1892, Sendai, Japan. Baptized on April 21, 1902.

Education. Seminary of Sendai, Sendai; Pontifical Urbanian Athenaeum "De Propaganda Fide," Rome.

Priesthood. Ordained, May 1, 1921, Sendai. Pastoral ministry in the diocese of Sendai, 1921-1934. Secretary to the apostolic delegate in Japan, 1934-1937.

Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Tokyo, December 2, 1937. Consecrated, February 13, 1938, Tokyo, by Jean-Alexis Chambon, M.E.P., archbishop-bishop of Yokohama, assisted by Paul Aijiro Yamaguchi, bishop of Nagasaki, and by Marie-Joseph Lemieux, bishop of Sendai. Director of the National Catholic Central Committee during the Second World War. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, July 14, 1956.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of March 28, 1960; received the red hat and the title of S. Antonio in via Merulana, March 31, 1960. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. Participated in the conclave of 1963, which elected Pope Paul VI. He was the first Japanese cardinal.

Death. February 21, 1970, Tokyo. Buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Tokyo.

Link. His arms.

Birth. July 12, 1867, Civitella di Agliano, diocese of Bagnoregio, Italy.

Education. Pontifical Academy of Ecclesiastical Nobles, Rome; Pontifical Roman Athenaeum "S. Apollinare", Rome.

Priesthood. Ordained, June 5, 1890 (no further information found).

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Gubbio, April 19, 1900. Consecrated, Sunday May, 13, 1900, chapel of the Pontifical Athenaeum "Sant'Apollinare", Rome, by Cardinal Francesco Satolli, assisted by Antonio Valbonesi, bishop of Sant'Angelo in Vado, and by Rafael Merry del Val, titular archbishop of Nicea, president of Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy. Named apostolic delegate in Ecuador, Bolivia, and Perú, December 7, 1906. Promoted to titular archbishop of Nazianzo, December 9, 1906. Recalled to Rome, September 1910. Transferred to the archiepiscopal see of Amalfi, January 27, 1911. Apostolic delegate and vicar apostolic of Constantinople, June 10, 1914. Transferred to the titular archbishopric of Gerapoli, November 13, 1914. Nuncio in Belgium, December 14, 1922; he could not take possession of the nunciature and was transferred to the one in Rumania. Nuncio in Rumania, May 30, 1923.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of March 13, 1933; received the red hat and the title of S. Maria della Vittoria, March 16, 1933. Archpriest of the patriarchal Liberian basilica, Rome, May 22, 1933. Opted for the order of cardinal bishops and the suburbicarian see of Palestrina, June 15, 1936. Papal legate to the Eucharistic Congress, Tripoli, October 24, 1937. Participated in the conclave of 1939, which elected Pope Pius XII.

Death. September 13, 1939, Civitella di Agliano. Buried, Civitella di Agliano.

Bibliography. "Em. Dolci (Ange-Marie)." in "Liste alphabétique des cardinaux." Annuaire Pontifical Catholique de 1935, Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1935, p. 91; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, p. 265.

Birth. August 26, 1913, Hausen, diocese of Würzburg, Germany. Son of Matthäus Julius and Maria Döpfner. He had a sister, Maria, and two brothers, Paul and Otto. He was baptized on August 28, 1913 and received the name Julius August. His last name is also listed as Doepfner.

Education. Augustinian Gymnasium, Münnerstadt, 1924-1925; Seminary of Würzburg, Würzburg, 1925-1933; resided in the Pontifical Collegium Germanicum et Hungaricum, Rome; Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome 1933-1941 (philosophy and theology; obtained a doctorate in theology in 1941; dissertation: Das Verhältnis von Natur und Übernatur bei John Henry Newman).

Priesthood. Ordained, October 29, 1939, church of Gesù, Rome, by Luigi Traglia, titular archbishop of Cesarea di Palestina, vice-gerent of Rome. Further studies, 1939-1941. Chaplain in Großwallstadt, diocese of Würzburg, 1941-1944. Prefect in Kilianeum, 1945; assistant, 1946. Subgerent of the Seminary of Würzburg, 1946-1948.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Würzburg, August 11, 1948. Consecrated, October 14, 1948, Neumünsterkirche, Würzburg, by Josef Otto Kolb, archbishop of Bamberg, assisted by Joseph Schröffer, bishop of Eichstätt, and by Arthur Michael Landraf, titular bishop of Eudocia and auxiliary of Bamberg. At the time of his election to the episcopate, he was the youngest bishop of the church. Transferred to the diocese of Berlin, January 15, 1957.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 15, 1958; received the red hat and the title of S. Maria della Scala, deaconry elevated pro illa vice to title, December 18, 1958. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Münich und Freising, July 3, 1961. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. Participated in the conclave of 1963, which elected Pope Paul VI. Member of the Board of Presidency of the II Vatican Council, 1963-1965. Chairman of the German Conference of Bishops, 1966 until his death in 1976. Attended the I Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 29, 1967; the I Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 11 to 28, 1969; the II Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to November 6, 1971; the III Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 27 to October 26, 1974.

Death. July 24, 1976, at 8 a.m., in the archbishop's house, Münich. Buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Münich (1).

Bibliography. Döpfner, Julius; Fleckenstein, Heinz. Ortskirche, Weltkirche ; Festgabe für Julius Kardinal Döpfner. Würzburg : Echter, 1973; Landersdofer, Annton."Döpfner, Julius (August)."Die Bischöfe der deutschsprachigen Länder, 1945 2001 : ein biographisches Lexikon. Unter Mitwirkung von Franz Xaver Bischof ... [et al.] ; herausgegeben von Erwin Gatz. Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2002, p. 386-394; Pfister, Peter ; Treffler, Guido. Julius Kardinal Döpfner und das Zweite Vatikanische Konzil : Vorträge des wissenschaftlichen Kolloquiums anldsslich der Öffnung des Kardinal-Döpfner-Konzilsarchivs am 16. November 2001. Regensburg : Schnell + Steiner, 2002. (Schriften des Archivs des Erzbistums München und Freising ; Bd. 4). Contents: Vor-vorbereitender Zeitraum -- Korrespondenzakten -- Konzilspublizistik -- Vorgdnge im Zusammenhang mit dem Konzil -- Vorbereitender Zeitraum -- Erste Konzilsperiode -- Erste Zwischenperiode -- Zweite Konzilsperiode -- Zweite Zwischenperiode -- Dritte Konzilsperiode -- Dritte Zwischenperiode -- Vierte Konzilsperiode -- Nachkonziliarer Zeitraum. Other Title: Archivinventar der Dokumente zum Zweiten Vatikanischen Konzil; Treffler, Guido ; Pfister, Peter. Erzbischöfliches Archiv München, Julius Kardinal Döpfner : Archivinventar der Dokumente zum Zweiten Vatikanischen Konzil. Regensburg : Schnell + Steiner, 2004. (Schriften des Archivs des Erzbistums München und Freising ; Bd. 6). Contents: Vor-vorbereitender Zeitraum -- Korrespondenzakten -- Konzilspublizistik -- Vorgänge im Zusammenhang mit dem Konzil -- Vorbereitender Zeitraum -- Erste Konzilsperiode -- Erste Zwischenperiode -- Zweite Konzilsperiode -- Zweite Zwischenperiode -- Dritte Konzilsperiode -- Dritte Zwischenperiode -- Vierte Konzilsperiode -- Nachkonziliarer Zeitraum; Wittstadt, Klaus. Julius Kardinal Döpfner : (1913-1976) : Anwalt Gottes und der Menschen. München : Don Bosco, 2001; Wittstadt, Klaus. Julius Kardinal Döpfner : 26. August 1913 bis 24. Juli 1976. Würzburg : Bistum, 1996. (Würzburger Diözesangeschichtsblätter, 58. Bd. (Ergänzungsband)).

(1) This is the text of his tombstone taken from Wittstadt, Julius Kardinal Döpfner, p. 311:

Link. His arms.

Birth. August 16, 1865, Honesville (1), parish of Ashland, Schuylkill, diocese of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. He was the sixth of the ten children of Patrick Dougherty and Bridget Henry, both from County Mayo, Ireland. He was baptized in the church of St. Joseph, Ashland, by Fr. Michael A. Sheridan, with the name Denis Joseph. He received the sacrament of confirmation from James F. Wood, archbishop of Philadelphia.

Education. Initial education, at the public school in Ashland, until he was ten years old; high school in Girardville, until 1880; then, he applied for entrance at St. Charles Borromeo Seminary, Overbrook, Pennsylvania, but he was considered too young and Archbishop Patrick John Ryan of Philadelphia sent him to Sainte-Marie College, Montréal, Canada, which was run by the Jesuit Fathers (classics and complete mastery of French); entered St. Charles Borromeo Seminary, Overbrook, in 1882; studied there until 1885, when, in September of that year, he was sent to the North American College, Rome; studied at the Pontifical Urbanian Athenaeum "De Propaganda Fide," Rome (doctorate in theology).

Priesthood. Ordained, May 31, 1890, patriarchal Lateran basilica, patriarchal Lateran basilica, Rome, by Cardinal Ludico Maria Parocchi, vicar general of Rome. Professor of Latin, English, history and theology at St. Charles Borromeo Seminary, Overbrook, 1890-1903. Archdiocesan official of Philadelphia, 1890-1903; fiscal promotor; prosynodal examiner; and procurator.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Nueva Segovia, Philippines, June 12 (1), 1903. Consecrated, June 14, 1903, Rome, by Cardinal Francesco Satolli, assisted by Pietro Gasparri, titular archbishop of Cesarea, secretary of the S.C. of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, and by Enrico Grazioli, titular archbishop of Nicopolis. Transferred to the see of Jaro, Philippines, June 21, 1908. Transferred to the see of Buffalo, New York, December 9, 1915. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Philadelphia, retaining the administration of the diocese of Buffalo until taking possession of his new see, May 1, 1918.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of March 7, 1921; received the red hat and the title of Ss. Nereo ed Achilleo, March 10, 1921. Arrived late to the conclave of 1922, which elected Pope Pius XI. Papal legate to the 33rd International Eucharistic Congress, Manila, Philippines, January 1, 1937. Participated in the conclave of 1939, which elected Pope Pius XII. Papal legate to the National Eucharistic Congress, St. Paul, Minn., United States, June 8, 1941. Cardinal protoprete, July 6, 1945.

Death. May 31, 1951, of a stroke, shortly after celebrating a mass marking the sixty-first anniversary of his priestly ordination, in Philadelphia. Buried in the crypt of the metropolitan cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul, Philadelphia.

Bibliography. Code, Joseph Bernard. Dictionary of the American Hierarchy (1789-1914). New York : Publishers Joseph Wagner, Inc., 1964, p. 72; Finn, Brendan A. Twenty-four American cardinals. Boston : Bruce Humphries, 1947, p. 123-148; Nolan, H.J. "Cardinal Dougherty : an appreciation." Records of American Catholic Historical Society of Philadelphia, LXII (1951), 1935-141; Thornton, Francis Beauchesne. Our American princes. The story of the seventeen American cardinals. New York : G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1963, pp. 110-118.

Links. Photograph and biography, in English; biographical data, in English; and his photograph at Villanova College, Villanova, Pennsylvania, 1942.

(1) This is according to Code, Dictionary of the American Hierarchy (1789-1914), p. 72; and his second biographical data linked above; Thronton, Our American princes, p. 100; and his first biographical data linked above, say that he was born in Homesville.
(2) This is according to Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VIII, 419; Code, Dictionary of the American Hierarchy, p. 72, indicates that he was elected on June 10, 1903.

Birth. February 16, 1845, Soye, archdiocese of Besançon, France. Received the sacrament of confirmation, July 4, 1857.

Education. Seminary of Vesoul; Seminary of Besançon, Besançon (doctorate in theology in Rome).

Priesthood. Ordained, September 5, 1869, Besançon. Pastoral ministry in the archdiocese of Besançon, 1869-1872. Professor of dogmatic theology, Seminary of Besançon, 1872-1887; rector, 1881-1890. Honorary vicar general of Besançon, 1882-1890; vicar general, 1890-1899.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Quimper, December 14, 1899. Consecrated, February 24, 1900, metropolitan cathedral of Besançon, by Fulbert Petit, archbishop of Besançon, assisted by Pierre-Marie Ardin, archbishop of Sens, and by Charles Theuret, bishop of Monaco. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Chambéry, December 16, 1907.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 27, 1911; received the red hat and the title of S. Susanna, November 30, 1911. Did not participate in the conclave of 1914, which elected Pope Benedict XV, because of poor health.

Death. December 1, 1914, Chambéry. Buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Chambéry.

Bibliography. Chapeau, O.S.B. André and Fernand Combaluzier, C.M. Épiscopologe français des temps modernes, 1592-1973. Paris : Letouzey et Ané, 1974, p. 271-272.

Birth. September 1, 1856, Saint-Calais, diocese of Le Mans, France. Second of the six children of Louis Dubois and his wife. Received the sacrament of confirmation, August 9, 1866.

Education. Collège Ecclésiastique de Notre Dame, Saint Calais (there, he was called Ernest to avoid confusion with his father); Minor Seminary of Précigne, Précigne; entered the Major Seminary of Le Mans, Le Mans (situated in the abbey of Saint-Vincent), in October 1874. He witnessed the invasion of his native city by the Prussian army during the Franco-Prussian War, 1870-1871.

Priesthood. Ordained, September 20, 1879, chapel of the Major Seminary of Le Mans, by Hector-Albert Chaulet d'Outremont, bishop of Le Mans. Pastoral ministry in the diocese of Le Mans, 1879-1898; vicar in two parishes: Brulon, 1879-1895; Coture, 1885-1895; editor of Semaine du fidèle, bulletin of the diocese of Le Mans, 1888. Founder, with Frs. Ledru and Bruneau, of the review Union historique du Maine (later named La Province du Maine), Le Mans, 1893. Pastor of the parish of Saint-Benoit, July 1895; he was the originator of the parochial bulletins, founding the Indicateur Parossial in his parish. Honorary canon of Le Mans, 1895. Vicar general of the diocese of Le Mans, 1898-1901. He was named bishop of Verdun on April 5, 1901, by a decree of President Émile François Loubet; at the moment, he was the youngest bishop of France. He published several works in history art and archeology (1).

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Verdun, with dispensation of degree, April 18, 1901. Consecrated, July 2, 1901, cathedral of Le Mans, by Marie-Prosper-Adolphe de Bonfils, bishop of Le Mans, assisted by Étienne-Marie Potron, O.F.M., titular bishop of Gerico, and by Charles Joseph Gilbert, titular bishop of Arsinoe, former bishop of Le Mans. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Bourges, November 30, 1909. He took and active part in helping the soldiers and their families during th First World War; he founded the Union Sacrée, which organized special prayers of the children whose parents had gone to battle. Transferred to metropolitan see of Rouen, March 13, 1916; the see carries the title of primate of Normandy.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 4, 1916; received the red hat and the title of S. Maria in Aquiro, deaconry elevated pro illa vice to title, December 7, 1916. He headed a religious mission of the French government to Palestine, Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Smyrne, Arhens, Constantinople and the Balkan countries from December 14, 1919 until March 24, 1920, to assure those areas the religious impartiality of France after the victory in the First World War (2). Transferred to the metropolitan see of Paris, December 13, 1920. Participated in the conclave of 1922, which elected Pope Pius XI. He traveled to Poland in June 1924; to the United States of America and Canada in June 192; to Austria in October 1928; and to Czechoslovakia in September 1929. Papal legate to the National Marian Congress, Chartres, May 18, 1926. For three years, from September 1926 until his death, he actively opposed the rebellious ways of Action Françise. He played a leading role in the necessary adjustments following the separation of Church and State in France. He was commander of the Legion d'honneur.

Death. Monday September 23, 1929, at 5:20 p.m., clinic of the Frères de Saint-Jean de Dieu, Paris, just after Nuncio Bonaventura Cerretti arrived. He was exposed at the metropolitan cathedral of Notre-Dame, Paris for five days. Cardinal Alexis Charost, archbishop of Rennes, celebrated the funeral in the presence of representatives of the national and local authorities, seventy-five archbishops, bishops, patriarchs, archimandrites and mitered abbots from France and foreign countries, and the clergy and faithful of Paris. Buried, crypt of that cathedral.

Bibliography. Chapeau, O.S.B. André and Fernand Combaluzier, C.M. Épiscopologe français des temps modernes, 1592-1973. Paris : Letouzey et Ané, 1974, p. 271-272; Odolin, Henri-Louis. Le Cardinal Dubois, 1856-1929: souvenirs. Paris: J. de Gigord, 1931; Florisoone, Michel. Le Cardinal Dubois. Paris: Librairie Blois et Gay, 1929.

(1) Among them are Charles Morancé, aumónier du 33e mobiles du 4e Corps d'armeé; M. Richard, chanoine de la cathédrale du Mans; Le chanoine Livet, curé de Notre-Dame du Pré au Mans; L'église Notre-Dame de la Couture au Mans, la nef et la façade occidentale; Les tableaux de la Couture; Les vitraux de la cathédrale du Mans; Le prieuré du cháteaux l'Hermitage pendant la Révolution; Vernie; Les imitations du Sanit-Sépulcre de Notre-Seigneur Jésus-Christ; and Les compoisonneurs de fontaines.
(2) The mission was composed, besides the cardinal, by Gabriel de Llobet, bishop of Gap; Georges-François-Xavier-Marie Grente, bishop of Le Mans; M. Lobry, provincial superior of the Lazzarists in Constantinople; Fr. Berré from Mossul; Canon Delabar; and Abbot Marquet.

Birth. September 30 (1), 1842, Loguivy-Plogras, diocese of Saint-Brieuc, France.

Education. Seminary of Saint-Brieuc, Saint-Brieuc.

Priesthood. Ordained, December 22, 1866, Saint-Brieuc. Successively, 1866-1893, faculty member of the the Minor Seminary of Saint-Brieuc; secretary of the episcopal curia; vicar general; and vicar capitular.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Moulins, January 19, 1893. Consecrated, April 16, 1893, cathedral of Saint-Brieuc, by Piere-Frédéric Fallières, bishop of Saint-Brieuc, assisted by François Trégaro, bishop of Sées, and by Étienne-Marie Potro, O.F.M., bishop of Gerico. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Rennes, August 6, 1906.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 4, 1916; received the red hat and the title of S. Balbina, December 7, 1916.

Death. September 22, 1921, Rennes. Buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Rennes.

Bibliography. Chapeau, O.S.B. André and Fernand Combaluzier, C.M. Épiscopologe français des temps modernes, 1592-1973. Paris : Letouzey et Ané, 1974, p. 273-274; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, p. 390; Pięta, Zenonem. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen IX (1903-1922). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 2002, pp. 17, 21 and 317.

(1) This is according to Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VIII, 390. Other sources indicate that he was born on October 1, 1842.

DULLES, S.J., Avery
(1918-2008)

Birth. August 24, 1918, Auburn, diocese of Rochester, United States. His baptismal name is Avery Robert. Son of John Foster Dulles, United States Secretary of State, and Janet Pomeroy Avery Dulles; nephew of Allen Welsh Dulles, founding administrator of the Central Intelligence Agency; great-grandson of John Watson Foster, secretary of State of the United States; great-grandson of Theodore Medad Pomeroy, MC, Speaker of the House of Representatives.

Education. Attended primary school in New York City and secondary education at private schools in Switzerland and New England. Raised a Presbyterian, he was a self-professed agnostic when he entered Harvard University in 1936. He converted to Catholicism on November 26, 1940. After graduation, served in intelligence in the Naval Reserve. In 1945 was decorated with the Croix de Guerre for his work in communication with the French navy. Later in 1945, he contracted polio in Naples, Italy. Joined the Society of Jesus, August 14, 1946, New York Province. Instructor of Philosophy, Fordham University, Bronx, New York, 1951-1953. Obtained a doctorate in theology at the Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome, 1960.

Priesthood. Ordained, June 16, 1956, Fordham University, New York, by Cardinal Francis Spellman, archbishop of New York. He was moderator of the freshman and sophomore Sodality of Our Lady, which included as its prefect sophomore Theodore McCarrick, later cardinal and archbishop of Washington, D.C. Later he was a member of the faculties of Woodstock College and of the Catholic University of America. Since 1988 he has been the Laurence J. McGinley Professor of Religion and Society at Fordham University. Member of the International Theological Commission, 1991-1997. He has held fifteen visiting professorships and numerous positions in theological organizations including the presidency of the Catholic Theological Society of America and the American Theological Society, which was founded by a group of Protestant theologians including his grandfather Allen Macy Dulles, a distinguished Presbyterian theologian. Consultor to the Committee on Doctrine of the National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Considered as the preeminent American Catholic theologian, he has received numerous awards. Among them, Phi Beta Kappa, the National Catholic Book Award, the Religious Education Forum Award, as well as the Cardinal Spellman Award for distinguished achievement in theology. He also has received 21 honorary doctorates and is well known internationally as an author and a lecturer. He published 21 books and over 650 articles, essays and reviews (1). Many of his writings interpret and communicate the messages of the Vatican II Ecumenical Council.

Episcopate. Requested to be dispensed from the requirement of episcopal ordination and the dispensation was granted by Pope John Paul II.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the deaconry of SS. Nomi di Gesù e Maria in via Lata, February 21, 2001. Promoted to the cardinalate when he was over 80 years old, and thus, he did not have the right to participate in the conclave.

Death. December 12, 2008, at 6:30 a.m., at the infirmary of the Jesuit community in Fordham University, New York. Three masses were celebrated for the repose of the soul of the cardinal: Tuesday, December 16, at 7:30 p.m. in the University Church; Wednesday, December 17, at 7:30 p.m. in the University Church; Thursday, December 18, at 2 p.m. at St. Patrick's Cathedral with Cardinal Edward Michael Egan, archbishop of New York, officiating as representative of the pope. The cardinal's family received visitors in the University Church on Tuesday and Wednesday afternoons from 2 to 5 p.m. The late cardinal was buried in the Jesuit cemetery at Auriesville, New York, near the Shrine of the North American Martyrs. His red hat (galero) hangs in the Fordham University Church, in front of the stained glass window of the North American martyrs.

Links. Pope appoints Fordham theologian a cardinal, in English; ; his photograph, arms, curriculum vitae, and biography, in English; photograph and biography, in English; and his arms.

(1) These are the works he wrote, cited in the Fordham University web site: Princeps Concordiae: Pico della Mirandola and the Scholastic Tradition. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1941; A Testimonial to Grace. New York: Sheed and Ward, 1946. Italian translation, 1959; Spanish translation, 1963; Introductory Metaphysics (in collaboration with J. M. Demske and R. J. O'Connell). New York: Sheed and Ward, 1955; Apologetics and the Biblical Christ. Westminster, Md.: Newman Press, 1963; London: Burns, Oates, 1964. French translation, 1965; Korean translation, 1969; Polish translation, 1971; Chinese ( Taiwan) translation, 1972; The Dimensions of the Church. Westminister, Md.: Newman Press, 1967; Revelation and the Quest for Unity. Washington, D.C.: Corpus Books, 1968; Revelation Theology: A History. New York: Herder and Herder, 1969; London: Burns, Oates, 1970. German translation: 1970; Spirit, Faith, and Church (in collaboration with W. Pannenberg and Carl E. Braaten). Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1970. German translation, 1971; The Survival of Dogma. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1971; Image Books paperback edition, 1973; reprint, New York: Crossroad, 1982. French translation, 1975; The History of Apologetics. London: Hutchinson, 1971; Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1971, and New York: Corpus Books, 1971; reprint, Eugene: Oregon: Wipf and Stock Publishers, 1999; second edition, San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 2005; Models of the Church. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1974, expanded edition, 1987, expanded edition with new appendix, 2002, digital edititions, 2002; Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1976; Spanish translation, 1975; Portugese translation, 1978; Indonesian translation, 1990; Hungarian translation, 2003; Italian translation, 2005.; Church Membership as a Catholic and Ecumenical Problem (1974 Père Marquette Lecture). Milwaukee: Marquette University Press, 1974; reprinted in 1981. The Resilient Church. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1977; Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1977; A Church to Believe In: Discipleship and the Dynamics of Freedom. New York: Crossroad, 1982; paperback edition, 1983; Models of Revelation. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1983; Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1983; Doubleday Image paperback edition, 1985; reprint with new introduction, Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, 1992; The Church: A Bibliography (in collaboration with Patrick Granfield). Wilmington, Del.: Michael Glazier, 1985; The Catholicity of the Church. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985; Oxford Scholarship On-Line, 2003; The Reshaping of the Catholicism. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1988; The Craft of Theology: From Symbol to System . New York: Crossroad, 1992, expanded edition, 1995; Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1992. Spanish translation, 2003; The Assurance of Things Hoped For: A Theology of Christian Faith. New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994; paperback edition, 1997. Italian translation, 1997; A Testimonial to Grace and Reflections on a Theological Journey (fiftieth anniversary edition). Kansas City, Missouri: Sheed and Ward, 1996; Polish translation, 2004; The Priestly Office . New York/Mahwah, New Jersey: Paulist Press, 1997; German translation, 2004; Polish translation, 2005; The Theology of the Church: A Bibliography (in collaboration with Patrick Granfield). New York/Mahwah, New Jersey: Paulist Press, 1999; The Splendor of Faith: The Theological Vision of Pope John Paul II. New York: Crossroad, 1999; revised and updated edition, 2003; Polish translation, 2003; The New World of Faith. Huntington, Indiana: Our Sunday Visitor, 2000; Newman. London/ New York: Continuum, 2002; Magisterium: Teacher and Guardian of the Faith. Naples, Florida: Ave Maria Press of Sapientia University, 2007; Articles: Over 800 articles and book reviews on theological subjects (revelation, Church, faith, apologetics, ecumenism) in periodicals including: America; American Ecclesiastical Review; Catholic Mind; Chicago Studies; Church; Civiltà cattolica; Commonweal; Communio ( St. Louis); Concilium; Crisis; Dialog; Downside Review; Expository Times; First Things; Journal of Ecumenical Studies; Journal of Religion; Living Light; Logos; New Oxford Review; Orientierung (Zurich); Origins; Pro Ecclesia; Stimmen der Zeit (Munich); Studies (Dublin); Tablet (London); Theological Studies; Theologie und Glaube (Paderborn); Theologische Quartalschrift (Tübingen); Theology Digest; Theology Today; Thomist; Thought; Worship; Contributor to Encyclopedias including: Encyclopedia Britannica; Encyclopedia of Religion; New Catholic Encyclopedia.

Birth. November 9, 1903, Chenex, diocese of Annecy, France.

Education. Seminary of Annecy, Annecy; Pontifical French Seminary, Rome.

Priesthood. Ordained, December 18, 1926. Pastoral ministry in the diocese of Annecy, 1926-1942. Faculty member of the Seminary of Annecy and director of Works, 1926-1942. Honorary canon of the archdiocese of Algiers, director of Works, and vicar general, 1942-1946.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Constantine, Algeria, November 3, 1946. Consecrated, February 11, 1947, church of Notre-Dame, Annecy, by Auguste Cesbron, bishop of Annecy, assisted by Raoul Harscouêt, bishop of Chartres, and by Léon Terrier, bishop of Bayonne. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Algiers, February 3, 1954. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. President of the North African Episcopal Conference, 1963-1988.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 22, 1965; received the red biretta and the title of S. Balbina, February 25, 1965. Attended the I Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 29, 1967; the I Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 11 to 28, 1969; the II Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to November 6, 1971; president-delegate, August 2, 1971. Elected member of the Board of the General Secretariat of the World Synod of Bishops, November 6, 1971 until 1974. Attended the III Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 27 to October 26, 1974. Participated in the conclave of August 25 to 26, 1978. Participated in the conclave of October 14 to 16,1978, which elected Pope John Paul II. Attended the I Plenary Assembly of Sacred College of Cardinals, Vatican City, November 5 to 9, 1979. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years of age, November 9, 1983. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese, April 19, 1988. Attended the Special Assembly foir Africa of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, April 10 to May 8, 1994. He was the first cardinal from Algeria.

Death. May 30, 1996, Algiers. Buried, Notre Dame d'Afrique metropolitan cathedral, Algiers.

Bibliography. Chapeau, O.S.B. André and Fernand Combaluzier, C.M. Épiscopologe français des temps modernes, 1592-1973. Paris : Letouzey et Ané, 1974, p. 283-284; Duval, Léon-Etienne ; Ray, Marie-Christine. Le cardinal Duval, évêque en Algérie. Entretiens du cardinal L.-E. Duval, archevêque d'Alger, avec Marie-Christine Ray. Paris : Le Centurion, 1984. ("Les Interviews"; Variation: Interviews [Centurion (Firm]); Ray, Marie-Christine. Le cardinal Duval : un homme d'espérance en Algérie. Préface par Mgr. Teissier. Nouv. éd. rev. et complétée. Paris : Editions du Cerf, 1998. (L'Histoire à vif).

©1998-2010 Salvador Miranda.