Birth. February 4, 1912, Saint-Frédéric-de-Beauce, archdiocese of Québec, Canada. The only boy of the family of six children of Napoléon Vachon and Alexandrine Gilbert.
Education. Minor Seminary, Québec (classics; bachelor of arts, 1934); Grand Seminary of Québec, Québec (theology); University of Laval, Québec (doctorate in philosophy, 1947); Pontifical Angelicum Athenaeum, Rome (doctorate in theology, 1949).
Priesthood. Ordained, June 11, 1938, Québec, by Cardinal Jean-Marie-Rodrigue Villeneuve, archbishop of Québec. Further studies, Québec and Rome, 1938-1949. Professor of philosophy at the University of Laval, 1941-1947; professor of theology, 1949-1955. Rector of the Grand Seminary of Québec, 1955-1958. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, April 24, 1958. Vice-rector, University of Laval, 1959; rector, 1960-1972. Superior general of the Seminary of Québec, 1960-1977. Vicar general of the archdiocese of Québec, 1960-1981. Protonotary apostolic supernumerary, October 1, 1962.
Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Mesarfelta and appointed auxiliary of Québec, April 4, 1977. Consecrated, May 14, 1977, Québec, by Cardinal Maurice Roy, archbishop of Québec, assisted by Jean-Marie Fortier, archbishop of Sherbrooke, and by Lionel Audet, titular bishop of Tibari, auxiliary of Québec. Promoted to the metropolitan and primatial see of Québec, March 20, 1981. Attended the VI Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 28, 1983.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of May 25, 1985; received the red biretta and the title of S. Paolo della Croce a "Corviale", May 25, 1985. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese, March 17, 1990. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years of age, February 4, 1992. He retired first in Québec and then in Beauport. For several years, due to health problems, he had lived in a residence for aged persons in the region of Québec. He received eleven honorary doctorate degrees, among them from the universities of Strasbourg, France, and Notre-Dame, Indiana, United States of America.
Death. September 29, 2006, Québec. The body was exposed in the Seminary of Québec, and later, in the cathedral-basilica of Notre-Dame de Québec, on Wednesday October 4, 2006 from 10 a.m. to 10 p.m., with a liturgical celebration at 7:30 p.m., and on Thursday October 5th from 9 a.m. to 10:30 a.m. The funeral, presided by Cardinal Marc Ouellet, P.S.S., archbishop of Québec, and concelebrated by twenty-five Canadian bishops, took place on Thursday October 5, 2006, at 11 a.m., in the cathedral-basilica of Notre-Dame de Québec. Archbishop Luigi Ventura, nuncio in Canada, delivered a message of condolence from Pope Benedict XVI. The funeral was attended by the immediate family of the late cardinal, around 1,000 faithful, Lieutenant-governor Lise Thibault; the Anglican archbishop of Québec, Bruce Stavert; two former mayors of Québec and the current one, Gilles Lamontagne, Jean Pelletier and Andrée Boucher; the archbishop emeritus of Québec Maurice Couture; Cardinal Jean-Claude Turcotte, archbishop of Montréal; and Gilles Cazabon, bishop of Saint-Jérôme and president of the Assembly of Catholic Bishops of Québec. The remains of the cardinal were buried in the crypt of the bishops in the same cathedral basilica.
Bibliography. LeBlanc, Jean. Dictionnaire biographique des évêques catholiques du Canada. les diocèses catholiques canadiens des Églises latine et orientales et leurs évêques; repères chronologiques et biographiques, 1658-2202. Ottawa : Wilson & Lafleur, 2002. (Gratianus. Série instruments de recherche), pp. 853-855.
Link. Photograph and biography, in French.
Birth. February 26, 1906, Rome, Italy. Son of Francesco Vagnozzi and Pasqua Jachetti.
Education. Vatican Minor Seminary, Vatican; Pontifical Roman Seminary, Rome; Pontifical Lateran Athenaeum, Rome (doctorates in philosophy, theology and canon law).
Priesthood. Ordained, December 22, 1928, with dispensation for not having yet reached the canonical age, Rome, by Cardinal Rafael Merry del Val. Further studies, 1928-1930. Staff member of the Secretariat of State, 1930-1932. Privy chamberlain of His Holiness, May 1, 1932. Staff member of the apostolic delegation in the United States of America, 1932-1942. Reappointed privy chamberlain of His Holiness, March 3, 1939. Counselor of the nunciature in Portugal, 1942-1945; of the nunciature in France, 1945-1947. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, December 23, 1945. Staff member of the delegation for the establishment of diplomatic relations with India, 1947-1948. Extraordinary papal envoy to the Independence Celebrations, Ceylon, February 25, 1948. Chargé d'affaires of the Holy See before the new Indian government, New Delhi, June to August 1948.
Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Mira and appointed apostolic delegate in Philippines, March 9, 1949. Consecrated, May 22, 1949, Rome, by Cardinal Adeodato Giovanni Piazza, O.C.D., secretary of S.C. Consistorial, assisted by Francesco Borgongini-Duca, titular archbishop of Eraclea di Europa, nuncio in Italy, and by Roberto Ronca, titular archbishop of Lepanto, prelate nullius of Pompei. Nuncio in Philippines, August 9, 1951. Apostolic delegate in the United States of America, December 16, 1958. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of June 26, 1967; received the red biretta and the title of S. Giuseppe in Via Trionfale, June 29, 1967. President of the Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See, January 13, 1968. Attended the First Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 11 to 28, 1969; the II Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to November 6, 1971. Opted for order of cardinal priests and his deaconry was elevated pro illa vice to title, March 5, 1973. Attended the III Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 27 to October 26, 1974; the IV Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 29, 1977. Participated in the conclave of August 25 to 26,1978, which elected Pope John Paul I. Participated in the conclave of October 14 to 16,1978, which elected Pope John Paul II. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, June 30, 1979 until his death; the post remained vacant until the election of Cardinal Maximilien de Furstenberg on May 24, 1982. Attended the First Plenary Assembly of the Sacred College of Cardinals, Vatican City, November 5 to 9, 1979; and the V Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 26 to October 25, 1980.
Death. December 26, 1980, Rome. Exposed in the oratory of basilica of S. Giuseppe in Via Trionfale; later, the body of the late cardinal was transferred to the patriarchal Vatican basilica, where the funeral took place presided by Pope John Paul II. Buried, Campo Verano, cemetery, Rome. The body was transferred to the basilica of S. Giuseppe in Via Trionfale in March 1983.
Bibliography. Code, Bernard. Dictionary of the American Hierarchy (1789-1964). New York : Joseph F. Wagner, 1964, pp. 287-288.
Birth. August 18, 1895, Vorkova, archdiocese of Riga, Latvia.
Education. Seminary of St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russia; Theological Faculty, Riga.
Priesthood. Ordained, April 7, 1918, by Jan Cieplak, titular bishop of Eurea di Fenicia, suffragan of Mohilev. Successively, 1918-1944, in Liepaja, pastoral work; diocesan chancellor and curia judge; in Riga, further studies. Vicar general of Liepaja, 1944-1958. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, July 4, 1949. Tried and sentenced to forced labor, 1958-1960. Pastoral ministry, 1960-1962. Vicar general of Riga, 1962-1964. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1964, by papal invitation.
Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Macriana maggiore and appointed apostolic administrator ad nutum Sanctæ Sedis of Riga and Liepaja, November 10, 1964. Consecrated, November 18, 1964, chapel of Our Lady of Czestochowa, Vatican City, by Cardinal Paolo Marella, assisted by Jazeps Rancans, titular bishop of Marcopoli, auxiliary of Riga, and by Boleslas Sloskans, titular bishop of Cillio, apostolic administrator of Minsk and of Mohilev. President of the Episcopal Conference of Latvia. Attended the I Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 29, 1967; the First Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 11-28, 1969; the II Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to November 6, 1971.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 2, 1983; received the red biretta and the title of Ss. IV Coronati, February 2, 1983. Did not have the right to participate in the conclave because he was promoted to the cardinalate when he was over 80 years of age. Attended the VI Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 28, 1983; the II Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 24 to December 8, 1985; the VII Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 30, 1987. He was the first Latvian cardinal.
Death. May 24, 1990, Riga. Buried, minor basilica, Aglona, Latvia.
Birth. November 7, 1883, Santa Fiora, diocese of Città della Pieve, Italy.
Education. Roman-Pio Seminary, Rome; Pontifical Roman Athenaeum "S. Apollinare", Rome.
Priesthood. Ordained, December 21, 1907, Rome. Faculty member of the Pontifical Regional Seminary, Fano, 1907-1909. Faculty member of the Pontifical Roman Athenueum "S. Apollinare", 1904-1920. Military chaplain in the First World War, 1914-1919. Staff member of the Secretariat of State, 1920-1921. Auditor of the nunciature in France, 1921-1927. Privy chamberlain of His Holiness, July 6, 1921; reappointed, May 5, 1922. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, July 22, 1923.
Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Efeso, October 18, 1927. Appointed apostolic delegate in Egypt and Arabia, October 19, 1927. Consecrated, Friday October 28, 1927, church of S. Cuore ai Prati di Castello, Rome, by Cardinal Donato Sbarretti, prefect of the S.C. of the Council, assisted by Pietro Benedetti, M.S.C., titular archbishop of Tiro, and by Giuseppe Angelucci, bishop of Città della Pieve. Named nuncio in Rumania, July 1, 1933. Nuncio in France, July 11, 1936. Awarded the grand cross of the Légion d'Honneur, in 1944 when he left France. Assigned to the section of extraordinary ecclesiastical affairs in the Secretariat of State, 1944-1948. Assessor of the S.C. for the Oriental Church, September 1, 1948. President of the Central Committee for the Holy Year, June 28, 1948.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of January 12, 1953; received the red hat and the title of S. Silvestro in Capite, January 15, 1953. Prefect of the S.C. for Religious, January 17, 1953. Papal legate to the Marian Congress, Trois-Rivières, Canada, July 2, 1954. Participated in the conclave of 1958, which elected Pope John XXIII. Attended the first session of the Second Vatican Council, 1962. Participated in the conclave of 1963, which elected Pope Paul VI.
Death. July 22, 1963, Rome. Buried in the tomb of his family in Santa Fiora, Città della Pieve.
Birth. August 21, 1853 (1), Cavour, archdiocese of Turin, Italy. Son of Count Giacinto Valfrè and Erminia del Carretto. Received the sacrament of confirmation, April 22, 1866.
Education. Seminary of Turin, Turin, 1871; University of Turin, Turin (doctorate in theology, July 17, 1876); Roman Seminary, Rome (doctorate in canon law, June 18, 1880); Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy, Rome. Received the insignias of the clerical character and the minor orders, March 7, 1875; subdiaconate, December 18, 1875; diaconate, Aprl 1, 1876. Classmate and friend of Giacomo della Chiesa, future Pope Benedict XV (1914-1922).
Priesthood. Ordained, June 10 (2), 1876. Further studies, Rome, 1876-1880. Minutante of the S.C. of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs. Domestic prelate of His Holiness. Apostolic delegate and extraordinary envoy to Costa Rica, July 11, 1884; his mission was delayed because of the outbreak of the antireligious movement prevalent at the time; the diplomatic relations were not normalized until 1908.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Cuneo, March 27, 1885. Consecrated, May 3, 1885, church of S. Filippo, Turin, by Cardinal Gaetano Alimonda, assisted by Filippo Chiesa, bishop of Pinerolo, and by Giovanni Battista Bertagna, titular bishop of Cafarnaum, auxiliary of Turin. Transferred to the diocese of Como, March 18, 1895. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, April 5, 1895. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Vercelli, March 27, 1905. Transferred to the titular see of Trebizonda (3), September 13, 1916. Nuncio in Austria-Hungary, September 14, 1916 (4); represented the pope at the coronation of the new Austrian Emperor Karl I (5) and Empress Zita.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 15, 1919; received the red hat and the title of S. Maria sopra Minerva, December 18, 1919. Prefect of the S.C. for Religious, March 6, 1920. Participated in the conclave of 1922, which elected Pope Pius XI.
Death. June 25, 1922, Rome. Buried in the tomb of his family in the cemetry of Brá.
Bibliography. Benedict XV ; Rumi, Giorgio. Lettere ad un amico, Teodoro Valfrè di Bonzo. Milano : NED, 1992. Contents : Lettere da Madrid -- Lettere da Roma -- Lettere da Bologna -- Lettere da Roma. Responsibility: Giacomo Della Chiesa (Benedict XV); a cura e con introduzione di Giorgio Rumi ; premessa di Paolo Emilio Taviani; Squcciarini, Donato. Nunci apostolici a Vienna. Città del Vaticano : Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1998, pp. 247-250.
Link. Biography, in German.
(1) This is according to Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VIII, 234; his biography in German, linked above, indicates that he was born on August 21, 1855.
(2) This is according to Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VIII, 234; his biography in German, linked above, indicates that he was ordained on June 3, 1876.
(3) This see is also called Trapezus.
(4) During his nunciature, at the end of the First World War, the Austro-Hungarian fell and the Republik Österreich was established; its first ambassador before the Holy See was Ludwig von Pastor, author of the famous 40-volume History of the Popes, from the beginning of the pontificate of Pope Martin V in 1417 to the end of that of Pope Pius VI in 1799.
(5) He was beatified by Pope John Paul II on October 3, 2004.
Birth. November 9, 1922, Lima, Perú.
Education. Joined the Society of Jesus, Novitiate of St. Stanislas Kotska, Miraflores, March 9, 1940; Jesuit Philosophical Faculty, San Miguel, Argentina and Madrid, Spain; Jesuit Theological Faculty, Granada, Spain; University of San Marcos, Lima (doctorate in education).
Priesthood. Ordained, July 15, 1955, Madrid, by José María García Lahiguera, titular bishop of Zela, auxiliary of Madrid. Spiritual director and rector (1969-1975) of "La Inmaculada" Jesuit school, Lima; provincial delegate for Jesuit educational works in Perú; provincial counselor and master of novices; director of the Marian sodality; pastoral work among students and founder of Hogar de Cristo and of schools Fe y Alegría.
Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Cissi and appointed apostolic vicar of Jaén in Perú or San Francisco Javier, June 8, 1978. Consecrated, August 15, 1978, by Carlo Furno, titular archbishop of Abari, nuncio in Perú, assisted by Ricardo Durand Flórez, S.J., archbishop bishop of El Callao, and by Manuel Prado Pérez-Rosas, S.J., archbishop of Trujillo. Elected secretary general of the Episcopal Conference of Perú, 1982; reelected two more times. Resigned the pastoral government of the vicariate, August 23, 1985. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Lima, December 30, 1989. Grand chancellor of the Pontifical Catholic University of Perú, 1989-1999. Attended the VIII Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 28, 1990; the IV General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, October 12 to 28, 1992. President ad interim of the Episcopal Conference of Perú, 1993-1994; president, 1994-1999. Attended the IX Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 29, 1994.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 26, 1994; received the red biretta and the title of S. Roberto Bellarmino, November 26, 1994. Attended the Special Assembly for America of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 16 to December 12, 1997. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese, January 9, 1999. Continued ministering at a homeless shelter he founded in Lima.
Death. September 4, 2000, of "derrame cerebral" (apoplexy), in a clinic in Lima. Buried in the crypt of the metropolitan cathedral basilica of Lima.
Birth. January 17, 1929, Acarigua, diocese of Guanare, Venezuela. Son of José Antonio Velasco Rangel and Ramona García de Velasco.
Education. Joined the Pious Society of St. Francis de Sales (Salesians of Don Bosco). Minor Seminary of La Vega; (high school and Latin); Salesian Noviciate of Santa María (Los Teques); professed, August 25, 1945; Salesian Philosophate, Boleía (Caracas); teaching internship, Minor Seminary, Bolea; Salesian University of Turin, Turin, Italy (doctorates in philosophy and pedagogy); perpetual vows, June 30, 1951, Valdocco, Turin; Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome (doctorate in theology).
Priesthood. Ordained, December 17, 1955, Rome, by Antonio Samorè, titular archbishop of Tirnovo, secretary of the S.C. of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs. Further studies, Rome, 1956. Pastoral work as a catechist in Lyceum "San José", Los Teques, 1956-1958. Counselor and catechist, "Colegio Don Bosco", Valencia, 1958-1963. Catechist and professor of philosophy, Major Salesian Seminary of Altamira, Caracas, 1963-1964. Rettor of "Colegio Santo de Aquino", Valera, 1964-1967. Rector of "Colegio San José", 1967-1972. Salesian Inspector for Venezuela, 1972-1978. Further studies, Rome, 1978-1979. Rector of "Colegio Don Bosco", Valencia, 1979-1984. Elected delegate to the XXII General Chapter of his order; in charge of the Latin American-Pacific-Caribbean Salesian Region, and member of the general council of his order, 1984-1989.
Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Utimmira and appointed apostolic vicar of Puerto Ayacucho, October 23, 1989. Consecrated, January 6, 1990, Vatican City, by Pope John Paul II, assisted by Giovanni Battista Re, titular archbishop of Vescovio, substitute of the Secretariat of State, section of General Affairs, and by Miroslav Stefan Marusyn, titular archbishop of Cadi, secretary of the Congregation for Oriental Churches. Apostolic administrator ad nutum Santae Sedis of the diocese of San Fernando de Apure, May 27, 1992. Attended IV General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, October 12 - 28, 1992; IX Ordinary Assembly of World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2-29, 1994. Named by the President of Venezuela, Rafael Caldera, member of the National Council of Frontiers, 1994. Promoted to metropolitan see of Caracas, May 27, 1995. Attended Special Assembly for America of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 16 - December 12, 1997. Chancellor of the Catholic University "Andrés Bello" and founder and chancellor of the University "Santa Rosa de Lima", Caracas, 1998.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the title of S. Maria Domenica Mazzarello, February 21, 2001.
Death. July 6, 2003, Caracas. Buried in the chapel of Nuestra Señora del Pilar, on the right side of the cathedral's nave, where all the bishops and archbishops of Caracas, including Cardinals José Humberto Quintero Parra and José Alí Lebrún Moratinos, are buried.
Link. Photograph, arms, and biography, in Spanish.
Birth. March 27, 1865, Sant'Antimo, diocese of Aversa, Italy.
Education. Seminary of Aversa, Aversa; Pontifical Roman Seminary "S. Apollinare", Rome (doctorates in theology, 1890; and utroque iure, both canon and civil law, 1893).
Priesthood. Ordained, March 31, 1888, Aversa. Further studies, Rome. Aiutante di studio of the sub-promoter of the Faith of the S.C. of Rites, 1894. Pastoral work in the diocese of Rome. Professor of civil law at the Pontifical Roman Athenaeum "S. Apollinare", 1896-1897. Privy chamberlain of His Holiness, March 24, 1897. Assessor of the S.C. of Propaganda Fide, June 1, 1897. Promoter of the faith in S.C. of Propaganda Fide, January 11, 1902. Lawyer in the S.C. Consistorial, January 13, 1902. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, January 16, 1902. Protonotary apostolic and canon of the patriarchal Lateran basilica, December 14, 1905. Secretary of the S.C. of Rites, June 26, 1915. Canon of the patriarchal Vatican basilica, March 19, 1916.
Cardinal Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of December 14, 1925; received the red hat and the deaconry of S. Maria in Cosmedin, December 17, 1925. Opted for the order of cardinal priests and his deaconry was elevated pro illa vice to title, December 16, 1935. Participated in the conclave of 1939, which elected Pope Pius XII. Archpriest of the patriarchal Liberian basilica, October 11, 1939. Cardinal protopriest, April 8, 1957.
Death. March 29, 1958, Rome. Buried in his family's tomb, Sant'Antimo.
Bibliography. Daniel, Charles; Paul-Marie Baumgarten; Antoine de Waal. Rome; le chef suprême l'organisation et l'administration centrale de l'église. Paris : Plon, 1900, p. 682; "Liste des cardinaux par ordre alphabétique." Annuaire Pontifical Catholique de 1936, Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1937, p. 111; Molari, Carlo. "Card. Alessandro Verde." La Pontificia Università lateranense : profilo della sua storia, dei suoi maestri, e dei suoi discepoli. Roma : Libreria editrice della Pontificia Università lateranense, 1963, p. 234.
Birth. February 19, 1864, La-Croix-Barrez, diocese of Rodez, France.
Education. Seminary of Rodez, Rodez. Joined the Society of Saint-Sulpice, 1886, Paris.
Priesthood. Ordained, April 9, 1887, Rome. Faculty member of the Seminary of Perigueux, 1887-1898; its rector, 1898-1912. Faculty member and superior of the Seminary "Des Carmes," Paris, 1912-1920. Honorary canon of the metropolitan cathedral of Paris, 1923. Vice-superior general of his society, 1926-1929; superior general, July 16, 1929. Vicar general of the archdiocese of Paris, April 15, 1929. Protonotary apostolic, October 12, 1929.
Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Paris, November 18, 1929. Consecrated, December 29, 1929, Sistine chapel, by Pope Pius XI, assisted by Alfred-Henri-Marie Baudrillart, Orat., titular archbishop of Melitene, vicar general of Paris, and by Emmanuel-Anatole Chaptal, titular bishop of Isinda, auxiliary of Paris for the foreigners.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 16, 1929; received the red hat and the title of S. Balbina, December 19, 1929. Papal legate to the Marian Congress, Lourdes, France, July 15, 1930; to the centennial celebration of the Conferences of Saint Vincent de Paul, Paris, March 14, 1933; to the First National Catholic Congress, Prague, Czechoslovakia, June 20, 1935; to the consecration of the cathedral of Dakar, Sénégal, January 12, 1936; to the National Marian Congress, Aiguebelle, France, September 7, 1937. Participated in the conclave of 1939, which elected Pope Pius XII. Papal legate to the 12th National Eucharistic Congress, Algiers, April 16, 1939.
Death. April 9, 1940, Paris. Buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Paris.
Bibliography. Breiere, Yves de la. "Le Cardinal Verdier. Son rôle en France et hors de France." Etudes, CCXLIII (1940), 199-213; Chapeau, O.S.B. André and Fernand Combaluzier, C.M. Épiscopologe français des temps modernes, 1592-1973. Paris : Letouzey et Ané, 1974, p. 513-514.
Birth. January 5, 1913, Paris, France. His father was François Veuillot, a Catholic journalist. His baptismal name was Pierre Marie Joseph.
Education. Seminary "Des Carmes," Paris.
Priesthood. Ordained, March 26, 1939, Paris. Pastoral ministry in the archdiocese of Paris, 1939-1942. Faculty member of "Maison de Conflans," (Minor Seminary of Paris), 1939-1949. Staff member of the Secretariat of State, 1949-1959. Privy chamberlain of His Holiness, February 22, 1950.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Angers, July 7, 1959. Consecrated, July 1, 1959, cathedral of Angers, by Cardinal Maurice Feltin, archbishop of Paris, assisted by Marc-Armand Lallier, archbishop of Marseille, and by Jean Villot, titular bishop of Vinda, auxiliary of Paris. Promoted to the titular see of Costanza di Tracia and appointed archbishop coadjutor of Paris, sedis datus, July 8, 1961; granted the right of succession, July 16, 1963. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. Transferred to the metropolitan see of Paris, December 21, 1966.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of June 26, 1967; received the red biretta and the title of S. Luigi dei Francesi, June 29, 1967. Attended the First Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, September 29 to October 29, 1967, Vatican City.
Death. February 14, 1968, of leukemia, Paris. Buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Paris.
Bibliography. Chapeau, O.S.B. André and Fernand Combaluzier, C.M. Épiscopologe français des temps modernes, 1592-1973. Paris : Letouzey et Ané, 1974, p. 515-516.
Birth. January 9, 1847, Agugliano, diocese of Ancona, Italy. Received the sacrament of confirmation, August 1, 1852.
Education. Collegio Capranica, Rome; Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome (doctorates in philosophy, theology and utroque iure, both canon and civil law).
Priesthood. Ordained, September 20, 1873, Ancona. Further studies, 1873-1876. Pastoral work in diocese of Rome, 1876-1877. Secretary of the nunciature in Spain, 1877-1880. Secretary of the apostolic delegation in Constantinople, 1880-1883. Auditor of the nunciature in France, 1883-1887. Auditor of the nunciature in Spain, 1887-1893. Auditor of the nunciature in Portugal, 1893-1897. Privy chamberlain of His Holiness, May 25, 1886. Named apostolic delegate and extraordinary legate to Colombia, November 24, 1897 (1).
Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Filippi, December 22, 1897. Consecrated, January 9, 1898, Collegio Capranica, Rome, by Cardinal Mariano Rampolla del Tindaro, secretary of State, assisted by Cesare Sambucetti, titular archbishop of Corinto, and by Antonio Sardi, bishop of Anagni. Nuncio in Belgium, February 4 (2), 1904. Nuncio in Spain, with faculties of legate a latere, October 21 (3), 1907.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 27, 1911; received the red hat and the title of S. Callisto, December 2, 1912. Participated in the conclave of 1914, which elected Pope Benedict XV. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, January 22, 1915 until December 4, 1916. Pro-prefect of the S.C. of Rites, February 11, 1915. Opted for the order of cardinal bishops and the suburbicarian see of Porto e Santa Rufina, December 6, 1915. Prefect of the S.C. of Rites, July 8, 1918. Participated in the conclave of 1922, which elected Pope Pius XI. Papal legate to the Eucharistic Congress, Aquila, Italy, August 16, 1923; to the celebrations in honor of Little Flower, Lisieux, France, September 15, 1925.
Death. February 25, 1929, Rome. Buried, Agugliano. His funeral monument is in the church of Santissimo Sacramento, Agugliano.
Bibliography. "Cardinali defunti." Annuario pontificio per l'anno 1922, Città del Vaticano : Tipografia poliglotta vaticana, 1921, p. 78; Daniel, Charles; Paul-Marie Baumgarten; Antoine de Waal. Rome; le chef suprême l'organisation et l'administration centrale de l'église. Paris : Plon, 1900, p. 685; De Marchi, Giuseppe. Le nunziature apostoliche dal 1800 al 1956. Pref. di Antonio Samoré. Roma : Edizioni di Storia e letteratura, 1957, pp. 65, 98 and 240; "Liste des cardinaux par order alphabétique." Annuaire Pontifical Catholique de 1922, Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1922, p. 104; Pięta, Zenonem. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen IX (1903-1922). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 2002, pp. 10, 21 and 22; Restrepo Posada, José. "Galeria de representantes de la Santa Sede en Colombia." Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Historia Eclesiástica, V (January-June, 1970), 219-221; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, p. 453.
(1) This is according to De Marchi, Le nunziature apostoliche dal 1800 al 1956, p. 98; and Restrepo, "Galeria de representantes de la Santa Sede en Colombia." Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Historia Eclesiástica, p. 219; Daniel, Rome; le chef suprême l'organisation et l'administration centrale de l'église, p. 685, says that he was named titular archbishop of Filippi and named apostolic delegate on December 24, 1897; "Liste des cardinaux par order alphabétique." Annuaire Pontifical Catholique de 1922, 104, indicates that he was named in November 1898, without mentioning the day; and Ritzler, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VIII, 453, indicates that he was named on March 31, 1898.
(2) This is according to De Marchi, Le nunziature apostoliche dal 1800 al 1956, p. 65; and Restrepo, "Galeria de representantes de la Santa Sede en Colombia." Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Historia Eclesiástica, p. 219; "Liste des cardinaux par order alphabétique." Annuaire Pontifical Catholique de 1922, p. 104; Pięta, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, IX, 10; and Ritzler, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VIII, 453, indicate that he was named on January 28, 1904.
(3) This is according to De Marchi, Le nunziature apostoliche dal 1800 al 1956, p.240; and Restrepo, "Galeria de representantes de la Santa Sede en Colombia." Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Historia Eclesiástica, p. 219; and ięta, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, IX, 10; "Liste des cardinaux par order alphabétique." Annuaire Pontifical Catholique de 1922, p. 104; and Ritzler, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VIII, 453, indicates that he was named on October 22, 1907.
Birth. February 6, 1931, Mogpoc, diocese of Lucena, Philippines.
Education. Most Holy Rosary Minor Seminary, Lucena; St. Francis de Sales Seminary, Lipa City (bachelor of arts in philosophy); St. Charles Seminary, Makati (theology). Received the diaconate from Alfredo Obviar y Aranda, titular bishop of Linoe, apostolic administrator of Lucena on September 24, 1955.
Priesthood. Ordained, March 17, 1956, cathedral of San Fernando, Lucena, by Alfredo Obviar y Aranda, titular bishop of Linoe, apostolic administrator of Lucena. Successively, 1956-1965, faculty member and spiritual director, Seminary of Lucena; rector, 1965-1971. Chaplain of His Holiness, June 23, 1969.
Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Claterna and coadjutor, with right of succession, of Malolos, September 10, 1971. Consecrated, November 30, 1971, cathedral of San Fernando, Lucena, by Carmine Rocco, titular archbishop of Iustinianopolis in Galatia, nuncio to the Philippines, assisted by Godfredo Pedernal Pisig, bishop of Borongan, and by Rafael Lim y Montiano, bishop of Laong.. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Lipa, August 22, 1973. Coadjutor archbishop, with right of succession, of Cebú, April 13, 1981. Succeeded to the metropolitan see of Cebú, August 24, 1982. Attended the VI Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 28, 1983.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of May 25, 1985; received the red biretta and the title of Ss. Pietro e Paolo a Via Ostiense, May 25, 1985. Attended the II Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 24 to December 8, 1985; the VII Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 30, 1987; president delegate; member of its general secretariat, 1987-1990. Attended the VIII Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 29, 1990; member of its general secretariat, 1990-1994. Attended the IX Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 29, 1994. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI.
Bibliography. Bransom, Charles. "Philippine episcopology (V. 1970-1980)." Boletín Eclesiástico de Filipinas, LXV, 720-721 (November-December 1989), 830.
Link. His arms.
Birth. October 3, 1868, Cambrils, archdiocese of Tarragona, Spain.
Education. Colegio San Ignacio, Manresa, 1880-1885; Conciliar Seminary of Barcelona, 1885 (bachillerato); Law Faculty, Barcelona (practiced law for a year); Seminary of Tarragona, Tarragona, 1895-1899. University of Madrid, Madrid (doctorate in law, September 24, 1900). Wanted to become a Jesuit but his father asked him to finish a career first.
Priesthood. Ordained, September 17, 1899, Tarragona. Pastoral work in the archdiocese of Tarragona and official of its archdiocesan curia: substitute fiscal of the metropolitan ecclesiastical tribunal, November 1900; fiscal, May 1905; provisor and acting vicar general, 1905-1909; canon of its cathedral chapter, 1907-1913; vicar general, 1909-1913; archpriest, 1910; vicar capitular, October 1911 until his promotion to the episcopate.
Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Pentacomia and appointed apostolic administrator of Solsona, November 10, 1913. Consecrated, April 26, 1914, cathedral of Tarragona, by Antolín López Peláez, archbishop of Tarragona, assisted by Ramón Barberá y Boada, titular bishop of Antedone, apostolic administrator of Ciudad Rodrigo, and by Ramón Guillamet y Coma, bishop of Córdoba. Senator of the Spanish kingdom for the province of Tarragona, 1914-1916. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Tarragona, May 7, 1919.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of March 7, 1921; received the red hat and the title of S. Sabina, June 16, 1921. Participated in the conclave of 1922, which elected Pope Pius XI. After a brief detention in which his life was in danger, he was exiled since August 1936 in the Carthusian monastery of Farneta, Lucca, Italy; spent the summers in the Carthusian monastery of Valsainte, Switzerland. Participated in the conclave of 1939, which elected Pope Pius XII. His Catalonianism, good relations with the Republican authorities of Catalonia, and his refusal to sign the joint letter of the Spanish episcopate during the Spanish Civil War caused the government of Generalissimo Francisco Franco to forbid him from returning to his archdiocese of Tarragona.
Death. September 13, 1943, Foyer Saint'Elizabeth, Fribourg, Switzerland. Buried in the church of the Carthusian monastery, Valsainte, Switzerland. In May 1978, following his will, his remains were transferred to the metropolitan cathedral of Tarragona and buried near the tomb of Auxiliary Bishop Manuel Borràs, assassinated during the Spanish Civil War.
Bibliography. Echeverría, Lamberto de. Episcopologio español contemporáneo, 1868-1985 : datos biográficos y genealogía espiritual de los 585 obispos nacidos o consagrados en España entre el 1 de enero de 1868 y el 31 de diciembre de 1985 . Salamanca : Universidad de Salamanca, 1986. (Acta Salmanticensia; Derecho; 45), p. 75; Muntanyola, Ramón. Vidal i Barraquer. El cardenal de la paz. Barcelona : Editorial Estela, 1971; Vidal i Barraquer, Francesc; Batllori, Miquel; Arbeloa, Vmctor Manuel. Església i estat durant la segona repzblica espanyola : 1931-1936 : arxiu Vidal i Barraquer. Barcelona : Monestir de Montserrat, 1977. (Scripta et documenta ; 27; Scripta et documenta ; 28). Contents: 3: 14 d'abril - 21 de desembre de 1932.
Links. Biography, in English; same biography, in Spanish; photographs and biography, in Spanish; and his statue in Cambrils, his native town.
Birth. June 13, 1912, Visosa, archdiocese of Maceió, Brazil.
Education. Seminary of Maceió, Maceiô; Seminary of Olinda, Olinda.
Priesthood. Ordained, October 27, 1935. Faculty member and spiritual advisor of the Seminary of Arucajú; secretary of the diocese of Aracajú; diocesan chaplain of the Catholic Action.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Petrolina, June 13, 1946. Consecrated, October 27, 1946, Aracajú, by José Gomes da Silva, bishop of Aracajú, assisted by Adalberto Accioli Sobral, bishop of Pesqueira, and by Mário de Miranda Villas-Boas, archbishop of Belém do Pará. Promoted to metropolitan see of Teresina, November 5, 1955. Attended Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. President of the Latin American Episcopal Council (CELAM), 1966-1972. Attended the First Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 29, 1967; the First Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 11 to 28, 1969; the II Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to November 6, 1971. Transferred to the metropolitan see of São Salvador da Bahia, March 25, 1971.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of March 5, 1973; received the red biretta and the title of Ss. Bonifacio ed Alessio, March 5, 1973. Attended the III Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 27 to October 26, 1974. Participated in the conclave of August 25 to 26, 1978, which elected Pope John Paul I. Participated in the conclave of October 14 to 16,1978, which elected Pope John Paul II. Attended the III General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, Puebla, México, January 27 to February 13, 1979; the First Plenary Assembly of the Sacred College of Cardinals, Vatican City, November 5 to 9, 1979. Named primate of Brazil when the see of São Salvador da Bahia was given that rank, October 25, 1980.
Death. December 19, 1986, São Salvador da Bahia. Buried in the metropolitan cathedral of São Salvador da Bahia.
Link. His portrait, arms and biographical information, in Portuguese, he is the fourth on the page.
Birth. November 2, 1883, Montréal, Canada. Of a very modest family, he was one of the three children of a shoe repairer.
Education. Primary studies in his native parish of Sacré-Coeur, Montréal; secondary studies, Mont-Saint-Louis, 1896-1900 (diploma in science and commerce); taught for a while in a school in Dorval; joined the Oblates of Mary Immaculate, Noviatiate of Lachine, August 14, 1901; took his first vows on August 15, 1902; and his perpetual vows, September 8, 1903; Oblate Scholasticate, Ottawa (philosophy and theology); University of Ottawa, Ottawa (doctorate in philosophy, 1919; doctorate in theology, 1922; and doctorate in canon law, 1930).
Priesthood. Ordained, May 25, 1907, metropolitan cathedral of Ottawa, by Joseph-Thomas Duhamel, archbishop of Ottawa. Professor of philosophy in the Scholasticate of Ottawa, 1907-1913; of moral theology, 1913-1920; paralelly, he pursuit his doctoral studies at the University of Ottawa. Superior of the Oblate Scholasticate, Ottawa, February 16, 1920-1930; he continued teaching moral theology, canon law, liturgy, spirituality, ecclesiastical history; dean of the Theological Faculty. Founder of the School of Superior Ecclesiastical Studies, 1928; he was the titular of the chair of ecclesiastical law. From 1929, dean of the Faculty of Canon Law at the University of Ottawa; and founder of the Superior School of Canon Law. He actively participated in the Social Weeks of Canada; in the Association Catholique de la Jeneusse Canadienne; in the labor unions, having been member of the Superior Council of National Labor Unions in Montréal; and in the promotion of closed retreats. He was one of the inspirers of the foundation of Revue de l'Université d'Ottawa; and defended the rights of the minorities and supported the bilingual schools, contributing to the journal Le Droit.
Episcopate. Elected first bishop of Gravelbourg, July 3, 1930. Consecrated, September 11, 1930, metropolitan cathedral of Ottawa, by Joseph-Guillaume-Laurent Forbes, archbishop of Ottawa, assisted by Louis Rhéaume, O.M.I., bishop of Haileybury, and by Joseph Wilfred Guy, O.M.I., titular bishop of Zerta, apostolic vicar of Grouard. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Québec, December 11, 1931. President of the Missionary Union of the Clergy, February 26, 1932.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of March 13, 1933; received the red hat and the title of S. Maria degli Angeli, March 16, 1933. Papal legate to the National Eucharistic Congress, Québec, May 31, 1938. Participated in the conclave of 1939, which elected Pope Pius XII. Papal legate to the dedication of Sainte-Joan d'Arc's basilica, Domrémy, France, June 15, 1939. He visited in the Fall 1944 the Canadian military stationed in Great Britain, Italy, Belgium, and Holland. Papal legate to the Marian Congress, Guadalupe, México, September 24, 1945.
Death. January 17, 1947, at 7:50 a.m., Alhambra, California, United States of America (1). His funeral was celebrated on January 24, 1947, in the metropolitan cathedral basilica of Québec, by Cardinal James Charles McGuigan, archbishop of Toronto; according to his will, there was no funeral eulogy but only Gregorian music. He was buried in the metropolitan cathedral basilica of Québec.
Bibliography. "Cardinali defunti." Annuario pontificio per l'anno 1958. Città del Vaticano : Tipografia poliglotta vaticana, 1958, p. 82; LeBlanc, Jean. Dictionnaire biographique des évêques catholiques du Canada. Les diocèses catholiques canadiens des Églises latine et orientales et leurs évêques; repères chronologiques et biographiques, 1658-2002. Ottawa : Wilson & Lafleur, 2002. (Gratianus. Série instruments de recherche), pp. 859-866; "Liste des cardinaux par order alphabétique." Annuaire Pontifical Catholique de 1939. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1939, p. 72.
(1) He he had been stricken by a heart attack on July 7, 1946, on his return from Île-à-la-Crosse, where he had taken part in the celebrations for the centennial of the Oblate missions; he was hospitalized in Hôtel-de-Dieu and later, he had a long convalescence. He left Québec for New York, specifically for Misericordia Hospital in Manhattan, on October 4, 1946 for medical treatment and had another crisis on October 14. Seeking a milder climate, he arrived at a convent in Alhambra, California, on January 14, 1947. Three days later, the cardinal stopped his private secretary during the beginning of the latter's mass, sensing his death was imminent. He died within the hour
Birth. October 11, 1905, Saint-Amánt-Tallende, diocese of Clermont-Ferrand, France. Only child of Joseph Villot and Marie Laville. His baptismal name was Jean-Marie.
Education. Collège Sainte Marie, Riom (1914-1921); Gran Seminary of Clermont (1922-1923); Catholic Faculty of Lyon, Lyon, 1923-1925); military service until August 2, 1924; Novitiate of the Order of the Servants of Mary (Marists), September 7, 1925; left three months later, at the beginning of December 1925; Seminary des Carmes of the Institut Catholique, Paris (October 1926-1930; theology); Pontifical International Angelicum Athenaeum, Rome (licentiate in canon law; doctorate in theology; thesis: Le pape Nicolas II et le décret de 1059 sur l'éction pontificale); Studio of the Vatican Library, Vatican.
Priesthood. Ordained, April 19, 1930, Paris, by Alfred-Henri-Marie Baudrillart, Orat., titular archbishop of Melitene, vicar general of Paris and rector of the Institut Catholique. Incardinated in the archdiocese of Paris as titulum patrimonii; Further studies, 1930-1934, Rome. Secretary to Pierre-Marie Gerlier, bishop of Tarbes et Lourdes, 1931-1934, in Rome and Lourdes; and in Lyon, 1939. Faculty member of the Seminary of Clermont and of the Catholic University of Lyon, 1934-1942. Declined the appointment of canonist to the French embassy at the Vatican, January 31, 1940. Pastoral work in the archdiocese of Lyon, 1942-1950. Vice-rector of the Catholic University of Lyon, 1942-1950. Director of the secretariat of the French Episcopal Conference, 1950. Protonotary apostolic, February 22, 1950.
Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Vinda and appointed auxiliary of Paris, September 2, 1954. Consecrated, October 12, 1954, Notre Dame metropolitan cathedral, Paris, by Cardinal Maurice Feltin, archbishop of Paris, assisted by Emile-Maurice Guerry, archbishop of Cambrai, and by Pierre de la Chanonie, bishop of Clermont; in attendance were the nuncio in France, the other five French cardinals and seventy bishops. Promoted to titular archbishop of Bosporo and appointed coadjutor of Lyon, with right of succession, December 17, 1959. Undersecretary of the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1964. Succeeded to the metropolitan see of Lyon, January 17, 1965.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 22, 1965; received the red biretta and the title of Ss.ma Trinità al Monte Pincio, February 25, 1965. Prefect of the S.C. of the Council, April 7, 1967. Attended the First Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 29, 1967. Secretary of State, prefect of the Council for Public Affairs of the Church, president of the Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City, president of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Holy See, May 2, 1969. Attended the First Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 11 to 28, 1969. Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, October 16, 1970. President of the Pontifical Council Cor Unum, July 15, 1971 until September 4, 1978. Attended the II Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to November 6, 1971. Attended the III Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 27 to October 26, 1974. Bishop of the title of the suburbicarian see of Frascati, December 12, 1974. Attended the IV Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 29, 1977. Participated in the conclave of August 25 to 26,1978, which elected Pope John Paul I. Participated in the conclave of October 14 to 16,1978, which elected Pope John Paul II.
Death. March 9, 1979, at 9:25 p.m., from a bronchial pneumonia, in his apartment at the Vatican. The funeral, presided by Pope John Paul II, took place in the patriarchal Vatican basilica, March 13, 1979, at 10:30 a.m. Buried in the crypt of the church of SS. Trinità al Monte Pincio, Rome (1).
Bibliography. Chapeau, O.S.B. André and Fernand Combaluzier, C.M. Épiscopologe français des temps modernes, 1592-1973. Paris : Letouzey et Ané, 1974, p. 521-522; Wenger, Antoine. Le cardinal Jean Villot (1905-1979), secretaire d'Etat de trois papes. Paris: Desclee De Brouwer, 1989.
(1) This is the French translation of the inscription in Latin, written by Msgr. Jean-François Arrighi, placed on the stone on his tomb in the crypt, taken from Wenger, Le cardinal Jean Villot (1905-1979), p. 275: Sous ce maître autel, dans l'attente de la résurrection, repose l'éminentissime et révérendissime signeur Jean Villot, cardinal évêque du titre de l'église de Frascati, auparavant cardinal prêtre de cette église, archêveque de Lyon, secrétaire d'Etat et camerlingue de trois suverains pontifes, Paul VI, Jean-Paul Ier, Jean Paul II, Français, neé à Saint-Amant Tallende en Auvergne le 11 octobre 1905, piesement décédé à Rome le 9 mars 1979.
Aprè les funérailles célébrées solennellement dans la basilique vaticane par Sa Santité le papae Jean-Paul II, concébrant avec le Sacré Collège, il a é;té enterré ici le 13 mars 1979. Qu'il repose en paix.
Birth. May 10, 1898, Govone, diocese of Alba, Italy.
Education. Seminary of Alba, Alba; Theological Faculty, Turin (licentiate in theology); Pontifical Roman Athenaeum "S. Apollinare", Rome (doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law); Catholic University, Milan (doctorate in jurisprudence).
Priesthood. Ordained, June 29, 1923, Rome. Further studies, 1923-1928. Professor of moral theology and canon law at the Pontifical Regional Seminary "Pio XI," Fano, 1928-1935. Privy chamberlain of His Holiness, December 14, 1935. Professor of canon law (Book III) at the Pontifical Lateran University, 1935-1964; dean of the faculty of Canon Law. Auditor of the nunciature in France, February to July, 1938. Promoter of justice at the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature, 1938; later, undersecretary. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, April 23, 1939. Prelate of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature, April 23, 1939; its undersecretary, July 24, 1954. Secretary of the Pontifical Commission for the Authentic Interpretation of the Code of Canon Law, April 2, 1962. Secretary of the Cardinalitial Commission for the Revision of the Code of Canon Law, 1963. Secretary of the S.C. for the Discipline of Sacraments, January 26, 1965.
Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Satafi, February 19, 1966. Consecrated, March 19, 1966, patriarchal Vatican basilica, by Pope Paul VI, assisted by Francesco Carpino, titular archbishop Sardica, assessor of the S.C. Consistorial and secretary of the Sacred College of Cardinals, and by Ettore Cunial, titular archbishop of Soteropoli, vice-gerent of Rome. In the same ceremony was consecrated Ferdinando Giuseppe Antonelli, O.F.M., titular archbishop of Idicra, secretary of the S.C. for the Causes of the Saints, future cardinal.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of April 28, 1969; received the red biretta and the deaconry of S. Eustachio, April 30, 1969. He was appointed cardinal patronus of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta on July 3, 1969. He was an eminent and erudite scholar of Canon Law.
Death. March 17, 1978; he had been ill for a while and had been interned in a Roman clinic but had recently returned to his residence at the Palace of the Holy Office, in the Vatican; he was found lying dead underneath a staircase in that palace. Exposed in that palace; the funeral took place in the morning of March 21, celebrated by Antonio Innocenti, titular archbishop of Eclano, secretary of the Congregation for the Discipline of the Sacraments and the Divine Worship, in the patriarchal Vatican basilica; Cardinal Carlo Confalonieri, bishop of the title of the suburbicarian sees of Ostia and Palestrina, dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals, imparted the final blessing; the remains of the late cardinal were taken to his native town. Buried in the parish church of Govone.
Bibliography. Fabris, Rinaldo. "Mons. Giacomo Violardo, decano della Facoltà di Diritto Canonico." La Pontificia Università lateranense : profilo della sua storia, dei suoi maestri, e dei suoi discepoli. Roma : Libreria editrice della Pontificia Università lateranense, 1963, p.249-250.
Birth. May 29, 1927, Parur, archieparchy of Ernakulam-Angamaly of the Syro-Malabars, India. Son of Thresiamma and Justice Joseph Vithayathil.
Education. Joined the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer (Redemptorists); professed, August 2, 1947; Redemptorist houses of study, India (philosophy and theology); Pontifical University "S. Tommaso d'Aquino" (Angelicum Athenaeum), Rome (doctorate in canon law; thesis: Origin and development of the Syro-Malabar hierarchy); University of Karnataka, Karnataka (master's in philosophy).
Priesthood. Ordained, June 12, 1954, by Thomas Pothacamury, archbishop of Bangalore. Further studies, Rome, 1955-1959. Professor of canon law and other subjects for almost 25 years at the Redemptorist Major Seminary of Bangalore. Further studies, Karnakata, 1971-1972. Provincial superior of his congregation in India and Sri Lanka, 1978-1984. National president of the Conference of Religious in India, 1984-1985. Apostolic administrator of the Benedictine monastery of Asirvanam, Bangalore, 1990-1996.
Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Acrida, apostolic administrator, sede vacante et ad nutum Sanctæ Sedis, of Ernakulam-Angamaly, November 11, 1996. Consecrated, January 6, 1997, patriarchal Vatican basilica, by Pope John Paul II, assisted by Giovanni Battista Re, titular archbishop of Vescovio, substitute of the Secretariat of State, section of General Affairs, and by Miroslav Stefan Marusyn, titular archbishop of Cadi, secretary of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches. Transferred to titular see of Antinoe and appointed apostolic administrator, sede vacante et ad nutum Sanctae Sedis, of Ernakulam-Angamaly of the Syro-Malabars, April 19, 1997. Attended Special Assembly for Asia of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, April 19 to May 14, 1998. Promoted to archbishop major of Ernakulam-Angamaly of the Syro-Malabars, December 23, 1999.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the title of S. Bernardo alle Terme, February 21, 2001. Attended X Ordinary Assembly of World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Attended the XI General Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 23, 2005. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years old on May 29, 2007. Elected president of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of India (CBCI), at Jamshedpur, February 19, 2008. Attended the XII Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 5 to 26, 2008, on "The Word of God in the Life and Mission of the Church".
Links. Photograph and biography, in English; and his arms.
Birth. May 17, 1932, Líšnice-Sepekov, diocese of Ceské Budějovice, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic). Of a single mother. He was baptized the day after his birth in the Marian shrine near Sepekov; a maternal aunt was his godmother. In 1938, his mother got married and moved to Zaluzi, near Chysky.
Education. Initial studies in the school of Chysky; Jirsfk Lyceum, Ceské Budějovice; Minor Seminary of Ceské Budějovice, Ceské Budějovice, 1946-1952 (obtained a bachelor's degree and the maturita in 1952); worked at "Motor Union", an automobile factory, Ceské Budějovice, 1952-1953; military service, Karlovy Vary, 1953-1955; Karoly University, Prague, 1955-1960 (doctorate in archivology); archivist in Trebon, Southern Bohemia; in Jindirchuv Hradec; and in Ceské Budějovice, 1960-1964; Sts. Cyril and Methodius Theological Faculty, Litomerice, 1964-1968 (entered September 30, 1964).
Priesthood. Ordained, June 23, 1968, Ceské Budějovice, by Josef Hlouch, bishop of Ceské Budějovice. Secretary to Bishop Hlouch and pastoral work in Ceské Budějovice, 1968-1971. On June 1, 1971, he was banned and sent to the remote mountain parishes of Laziste and Zablat', in the district of Prachatice, in the forest of Bohemia, by the Communist authorities. Lost the state permit to exercise his priestly functions in Ceské Budějovice, on June 7, 1971. On November 1, 1972, he was sent to Rozmital prod Tremsinem, parishes of Bohutin and Drahenice, in the region of Pribram. From October 1, 1978 to December 31, 1988, he was prohibited from exercising his priestly ministry. He sought refuge in Prague and there he exercised his pastoral functions clandestinely; he was interrogated several times by the Communist secret police; for ten years he worked as if he was a layman: as a window cleaner from 1978 to 1986; and as the archivist of the Bank of Czechoslovakia, from 1986 to 1988. After the fall of the Communist regime, he received authorization to resume his priestly functions on January 1, 1989; from January to August 1989, he was pastor in Zihovce, Western Bohemia; and in Bukovnik, near Klatovy; on September 1, 1989, he was named pastor in Cachrov, Besiny, Javorna, Zelezna Ruda and Strazov, in the border with Bavaria.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Ceské Budějovice, February 14, 1990; the see had been vacant since 1972, when Bishop Hlouch died. Consecrated, March 31, 1990, by Antonin Liska, titular bishop of Vergi, auxiliary of Prague, assisted by Franz Xaver Eder, bishop of Passau, by Franz Žak, bishop of Sankt Pölten, by Maximilian Aichern, O.S.B., bishop of Linz, and by Ján Sokol, archbishop of Trnava. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Prague, and primate of Bohemia, March 27, 1991; he was enthorned on June 1, 1991. Attended the Special Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops for Europe, Vatican City, November 28 to December 14, 1991; the Special Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops for Africa, Vatican City, April 10 to May 8, 1994; the IX Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 29, 1994. President of the Council of the European Episcopal Conferences, April 16, 1993 to 2001.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 26, 1994; received the red biretta and the title of S. Croce in Gerusalemme, November 26, 1994. Special papal envoy to the celebrations in honor of St. Zdislava di Lemberk, Jablonné, Czech Republic, May 28, 1995. Attended the Special Assembly for America of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 16 to December 12, 1997; by papal appointment. Attended the II Special Assembly for Europe of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 23, 1999; the X Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Attended the XII Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 5 to 26, 2008, on "The Word of God in the Life and Mission of the Church".
Bibliography. Boudre, Alain. Laveur de vitres et archevêque : biographie de Mgr Miloslav Vlk (Prague). Preface by Václav Havel. Paris : Nouvelle Cité, 1994. (Récit); Regina, Sara. Miloslav Vlk : da lavavetri a cardinale. Torino : Edizione San Paolo, 1998.
Links. His photograph, arms and biography, in English; his photograph, arms and biography, in Czech; his arms; and the list of the archbishops of Prague.
Birth. December 27, 1903, Steinheim, diocese of Mainz, Germany. Son of Franz Volk, an upholsterer, and Catharina Josepha Kaiser.
Education. Elementary studies in Steinheim; secondary, in Hanau; Seminary of Mainz, Mainz (philosophy and theology for four years); University of Münster, Münster; University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland, 1935-1938 (doctorate in philosophy; thesis: "Die Kreaturauffassung von Karl Barth"; doctorate in philosophy; thesis: "Emil Brun-ners Lehre von der ursprünglichen Gottesebenbildlichkeit des Menschen").
Priesthood. Ordained, April 2, 1927, Mainz, by Ludwig Maria Hugo, bishop of Mainz. Pastoral work in the diocese of Mainz: chaplain in Alzey, 1927-1931; chaplain in St. Ignaz, Mainz, 1932-1935. Further studies in Switzerland, 1935-1938. Assistant in the vicariate of St. Paul in Offenbach und St. Rufus in Gau-Odernheim, 1940-1941. Vicar in Nidda, 1941-1942; pastor, 1942-1945. Obtained the habilitation in dogmatic theology in University of Münster in 1943 (Habilitationsschrift: "Emil Brunners Lehre von dem S|nder"). Assistant professor of theology at the University of Münster, 1945-1946; professor, 1946-1962; rector of the university, 1954-1955. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, February 25, 1962. Elected bishop of Mainz by the cathedral chapter, March 3, 1962.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Mainz, March 25, 1962. Consecrated, June 5, 1962, cathedral of Mainz, by Hermann Schaufele, archbishop of Freiburg im Breisgau, assisted by Karl Leiprecht, bishop of Rottenburg, and by Joseph Reuss, titular bishop of Sinope, auxiliary of Mainz. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. Attended the First Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 29, 1967.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of March 5, 1973; received the red biretta and the title of Ss. Fabiano e Venanzio a Villa Fiorelli, March 5, 1973. Participated in the conclave of August 25 to 26,1978, which elected Pope John Paul I. Participated in conclave of October 14 to 16,1978, which elected Pope John Paul II. Attended the First Plenary Assembly of the Sacred College of Cardinals, Vatican City, November 5 to 9, 1979. Resigned the government of the diocese, December 27, 1982. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years of age, December 27, 1983. Attended the II Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 24 to December 8, 1985; as special guest.
Death. July 1, 1988, after a long illness, in Mainz. Buried in the crypt of St. Martin's cathedral, Mainz (1).
Bibliography. Baron, Ruth. Hermann Kardinal Volk : 20 Jahre Bischof von Mainz. 4e Aufl. Mainz : Krach, 1983; Cicholaz, Roger Krzysztof. Glauben und Leben : die Theologie des geistlichen Lebens bei Hermann Kardinal Volk. Berlin Münster Lit, 2007; Dissertation: Thesis (doctoral) -- Philosophisch-Theologische Hochschule St. Georgen, Frankfurt am Main, 2006. (Theologie der Spiritualität / Beiträge; Bd. 11; Variation: Theologie der Spiritualität ; Bd. 11); Hilger, Peter. Kreatürlichkeit : Hermann Kardinal Volk als Theologe. Sonderdr. Mainz : Öffentlichkeitsarbeit des Bistums, 1990; Jungnitz, Ingobert. Hermann Kardinal Volk zum Gedenken. Mainz : Abteilung Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Bischöfliches Ordinariat Mainz, 1988. (Aktuelle Information ; 50; Variation: Aktuelle Information (Mainz) ; 50); Jürgensmeier, Friedhelm. "Volk, Hermann (1903-1988)." Die Bischöfe der deutschsprachigen Länder, 1945 2001 : ein biographisches Lexikon. Unter Mitwirkung von Franz Xaver Bischof ... [et al.] ; herausgegeben von Erwin Gatz. Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2002, pp. 359-361; Lehmann, Karl ; Reifenberg, Peter. Zeuge des Wortes Gottes - Hermann Kardinal Volk. Mainz : Matthias Grünewald Verlag, 2004. Conference proceedings. Memorial volume.
(1) This is the text of the memorial tablet on th eastern wall, in the western bishops' cyrpt of the cathedral, provided by an electronic message from Mr. Mark West, London:
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