Birth. May 14 (1), 1810, Baeza, diocese of Jaén, Spain. Of a noble and wealthy family.
Education. Seminary of San Felipe de Neri, Baeza; University of Granada, Granada (licentiate in theology). Entered the Military Orders and was invested with the habit of Santiago in Uclés, 1832.
Priesthood. Ordained, 1836. Professor of theology, University of Granada; curate in Colmenar de Oreja, 1836-1840. In Baeza, 1840-1847, professor of religion and morals, Institute of Secondary Studies; professor and rector of its seminary. Archdeacon of Ubeda, 1847; archpriest of the cathedral chapter of Jaén; royal preacher supernumerary, 1851; and dean of the cathedral chapter of Córdoba, 1853.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Sigüenza, December 21, 1857. Consecrated, Sunday, March 14, 1858, in the church of the Comendadoras de Santiago, Madrid, by Cirilo de Alameda y Brea, O.F.M., archbishop of Toledo, assisted by José de los Rios Lamadrid, bishop of Lugo, and by Vicente Benigno Carrión, O.F.M.Cap., bishop of Puerto Rico. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, February 10, 1860. Decorated with the grand cross of the Order of Isabel la Católica, May 9, 1863. Participated in the First Vatican Council, 1869-1870. Resigned pastoral government of the diocese, May 31, 1875. Promoted the the titluar patriarchate of the West Indies and named royal chaplain and royal almoner, July 5, 1875.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of March 12, 1877; received the red hat and the title of S. Tommaso in Parione, June 25, 1877. Participated in the conclave of 1878, which elected Pope Leo XIII. Opted for the title of S. Pietro in Montorio, February 28, 1879. Decorated with the grand cross of the Austrian Order of Sankt Stefan, 1879. Transferred to the metropolitan see of Zaragoza, May 13, 1881. Member of the Royal Academy of the Spanish Language and of the Royal Academy of History.
Death. March 30, 1895, Zaragoza. Exposed in the metropolitan cathedral of Zaragoza and buried in the basilica of Our Lady of El Pilar, Zaragoza.
Bibliography. "Benavides y Navarrete, Francisco de Paula." Enciclopedia universal ilustrada europeo-americana. 70 vols. Madrid : Espasa-Calpe, 1958, c1907?-1930, VIII, 27; "Cardinali defunti." La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia per l'anno 1903. Città del Vaticano : Tipografia poliglotta vaticana, 1903, p. 196; Guitarte Izquierdo, Vidal. Episcopologio Español (1700-1867). Españoles obispos en España, América, Filipinas y otros países. Rome : Instituto Español de Historia Eclesiástica, 1994. (Publicaciones del Instituto Español de Historia Eclesiástica; Subsidia; 29), p. 199; Orive, A. "Benavides y Navarrete, Francisco de Paula." Diccionario de Historia Eclesiástica de España. Dirigido por Quintín Aldea Vaquero, Tomás Marín Martínez, José Vives Gatell. Madrid : Instituto Enrique Flórez, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 1972-1975. 4 vols., and supplement, 1987, I, 204-205; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, pp. 21, 52, 53, 166, 321 and 510.
(1) This is according to Ritzler, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VIII, 510; and "Cardinali defunti." La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia per l'anno 1903, p. 196; Guitarte, Episcopologio Español (1700-1867), p. 199, says that he was born on May 11, 1810.
Birth. April 6, 1807, Naples. Received the sacrament of confirmation, June 3, 1816.
Education. Doctorate in theology, 1831. (No further schooling information found).
Priesthood. Ordained, September 18, 1830. Professor of dogmatic theology, November 26, 1833 (no further information found). Tutor of the son of King Ferdinand II of Sicily, February 1842. President of the General Council of Public Institutions, July 9, 1849. Examiner of the clergy of Naples. Lector of theology, Royal University of Naples.
Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Anastasiopoli, January 19, 1854. Consecrated, Naples, by Cardinal Giuseppe Cosenza, archbishop of Capua. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Sorrento, March 23, 1855. Transferred to the metropolitan see of Capua, November 24, 1871.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of March 12, 1877; received the red hat, March 15, 1877; and the title of S. Onofrio, March 20, 1877. Participated in the conclave of 1878, which elected Pope Leo XIII.
Death. July 30, 1880, Capua. Exposed in the metropolitan cathedral and buried in that city's cemetery.
Bibliography. "Cardinali defunti." La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia per l'anno 1903, Città del Vaticano : Tipografia poliglotta vaticana, 1903, p. 174; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, pp. 22, 48, 98, 180 and 530.
Birth. March 14, 1802, San Salvador de Camba, diocese of Lugo, Spain. Received the sacrament of confirmation, July 20, 1802.
Education. Seminary of Lugo, Lugo. Entered the Order of Preachers, Dominican convent of Lugo, 1826.
Priesthood. Ordained, March 10, 1827. Professor of theology in the Dominican convents of Lugo and Santiago de Compostela; professor of theology and master of studies, Dominican convent of Oviedo. The law of secularization promulgated by the Spanish government in 1836 forced him to leave his convent and reside in Lugo; vice rector of its seminary and reorganized its plan of studies, 1848.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Badajoz, December 22, 1853. Consecrated, Sunday, April 23, 1854, cathedral of Lugo, by Miguel García Cuesta, archbishop of Santiago de Compostela, assisted by Santiago Rodríguez Gil, bishop of Lugo, and by Telmo Maceira, bishop of Mondoñedo. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Zaragoza, December 23, 1858. Participated in the First Vatican Council, 1869-1870.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of March 12, 1877; received the red hat and the title of S. Stefano al Monte Celio, September 21, 1877. Participated in the conclave of 1878, which elected Pope Leo XIII.
Death. April 28, 1881, Zaragoza. Exposed and buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Zaragoza.
Bibliography. "Cardinali defunti." La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia per l'anno 1903, Città del Vaticano : Tipografia poliglotta vaticana, 1903, p. 175; Fraile, G. "García Gil, Manuel, OP." Diccionario de Historia Eclesiástica de España. Dirigido por Quintín Aldea Vaquero, Tomás Marín Martínez, José Vives Gatell. Madrid : Instituto Enrique Flórez, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 1972-1975. 4 vols., and supplement, 1987, III, 974 Guitarte Izquierdo, Vidal. Episcopologio Español (1700-1867). Españoles obispos en España, América, Filipinas y otros países. Rome : Instituto Español de Historia Eclesiástica, 1994. (Publicaciones del Instituto Español de Historia Eclesiástica; Subsidia; 29), p. 196; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, pp. 22, 53, 166 and 433.
Birth. February 13, 1829, Hainton, Nottingham, England. Son of Edward Giles Howard and Frances Anne Heneage. Second member of the noble family of the dukes of Norfolk to become a cardinal, the first one being Cardinal Philip Thomas Howard of Norfolk, O.P. (1675).
Education. Oscott College, Oscott; University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; Venerable English College, Rome, 1854; Pontifical Academy of Ecclesiastical Noble, Rome, 1854; Collegio Romano, 1854-1858 (doctorates in theology and canon law). Proficient in six languages, among them several Oriental.
Early life. Commission Second Life Guards. Chosen to command the squadron of the guards in the military procession at the funeral of the Duke of Wellington, 1852. Resigned his commission to follow his ecclesiastical vocation.
Priesthood. Ordained, December 8, 1854, Rome. Wanted to become a missionary in the East but the pope insisted that he stay in Rome. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, 1863. Pastoral work in Rome as confessor of the poor and the soldiers. Papal envoy to Goa, India, to negotiate between the British and the Portuguese authorities the settlement of the problems concerning the ecclesiastical government of the Province of Goa. Vicar of the archpriest of the patriarchal Vatican basilica. Consultor of the S.C. of Propaganda Fide for the Oriental Rite. Referendary of both Signaturas. Consultor of the S.C. of Propaganda Fide for the affairs of Oriental rites, 1867-1877. Vicar of the patriarchal Vatican basilica, September 4, 1870.
Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Neocesarea and appointed suffragan of Frascati, June 25, 1872. Consecrated, June 30, 1872, patriarchal Vatican basilica, Rome, by Carlo Sacconi assisted by Salvatore Nobili Vitelleschi, titular archbishop of Seleucia, and by François-Xavier Frédéric de Mérode, titular archbishop of Melitene.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of March 12, 1877; received the red hat, March 15, 1877; and the title of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo, March 20, 1877. Participated in the conclave of 1878, which elected Pope Leo XIII. Archpriest of the patriarchal Vatican basilica and prefect of the S.C. of the Reverend Fabric of St. Peter's, December 12, 1881. Opted for the order of bishops and the suburbicarian see of Frascati, March 24, 1884. Stricken with severe illness in 1887, was taken to England in 1888, living in strict seclusion in Brighton until his death.
Death. September 16, 1892, Hatch Beauchamp, Brighton. Exposed in the Fitzalan chapel, St. Philip parish church, Arundel, and buried in his family's tomb in that chapel.
Bibliography. "Cardinali defunti." La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia per l'anno 1903, Città del Vaticano : Tipografia poliglotta vaticana, 1903, p. 192; Baxter, Dudley. England's cardinals. With an appendix showing the reception of the sacred pallium by the archbishops of Canterbury and Westminster. London : Burns & Oates, 1903, pp. 82-85; Bellenger, Dominic Aidan, and Stella Fletcher. Princes of the Church. A history of the English cardinals. Gloucestershire : Sutton Publishing, 2001, pp. 133-134; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, pp. 22, 45, 48 and 406; Weber, Christoph. Kardinäle und Prälaten in den letzten Jahrzehnten des Kirchenstaates : Elite-Rekrutierung, Karriere-Muster u. soziale Zusammensetzung d. kurialen Führungsschicht zur Zeit Pius' IX. (1846-1878). Stuttgart : Hiersemann, 1978. (Päpste und Papsttum; Bd. 13, I-II), II, 474-475, 747 and 761.
Links. Biography, in English; biography, in Italian; his genealogy, XX-3, 1; and another his genealogy, Section I, 5a, 1b, 2c, 5d, 3e, 1f.
Birth. December 20, 1811, Benejama (1), archdiocese of Valencia, Spain.
Education. Colegio del Patriarca, Valencia (becario); University of Valencia, Valencia, (doctorates in philosophy, and theology, 1836).
Priesthood. Ordained, September 24, 1836. In the archdiocese of Velncia, pastoral work, and professor of its university and central seminary, for twenty four years; taught metaphysics, literature, history, mathematics, and theology; economous of the parish of Benejama, 1841; beneficiary of the cathedral chapter, 1844; founder of the newspaper El Eco de la Religión, 1845; lectoral canon of the cathedral chapter, 1857.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Cuenca, June 25, 1858. Consecrated, Sunday, September 12, 1858, cathedral of Valencia, by Pablo García Abella, Orat., archbishop of Valencia, assisted by José Domingo Costa Borrás, archbishop of Tarragona, and by Manuel López Santisteba, former bishop of Avila. Participated in the First Vatican Council, 1869-1870. Elected senator for Vizcaya, 1871. He confronted the Carlistas when they occupied Cuenca in 1873. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Santiago de Compostela, January 16, 1874.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of March 12, 1877; received red hat and the title of Ss. Quirico e Giulitta, June 25, 1877. Participated in the conclave of 1878, which elected Pope Leo XIII. Transferred to the primatial and metropolitan see of Toledo and the titular patriarchate of the West Indies, June 7, 1886.
Death. December 25 (2), 1891, Toledo. Exposed and buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Toledo.
Bibliography. "Cardinali defunti." La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia per l'anno 1903, Città del Vaticano : Tipografia poliglotta vaticana, 1903, p. 190; Guitarte Izquierdo, Vidal. Episcopologio Español (1700-1867). Españoles obispos en España, América, Filipinas y otros países. Rome : Instituto Español de Historia Eclesiástica, 1994. (Publicaciones del Instituto Español de Historia Eclesiástica; Subsidia; 29), p. 200; Martín Tejedor, J. "Payá y Rico, Miguel." Diccionario de Historia Eclesiástica de España. Dirigido por Quintín Aldea Vaquero, Tomás Marín Martínez, José Vives Gatell. Madrid : Instituto Enrique Flórez, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 1972-1975. 4 vols., and supplement, 1987, III, 1951; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, pp. 22, 55, 219, 220 and 558.
Link. His portrait and biographical data, in Spanish.
(1) This is according to Ritzler, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VIII, 220; Guitarte, Episcopologio Español (1700-1867), p. 200, says that he was born in Benegida, which is probably a misnomer. He spent his childhood in Onil, locality of origin of his family.
(2) This is according to all the sources consulted; Ritzler, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VIII, 22, adds that others, which he does not mention, say that he died on December 24, 1891.
Birth. May 26, 1806, Joinville, diocese of Langres, France.
Education. Saint-Sulpice Seminary, Paris.
Priesthood. Ordained, March 19, 1831. In the archdiocese of Besançon, metropolitan vicar for three years; pastor for six years; canon of the cathedral chapter for five years; vicar general for nearly three years.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Saint-Dié, April 20, 1849. Consecrated, July 22, 1849, cathedral of Bensançon, by Jacques-Marie-Adrien-Césaire Mathieu, archbishop of Besançon, assisted by Bénigne du Trousset d'Héricourt, bishop of Autun, and by François-Victor Rivet, bishop of Dijon. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Lyon, July 26 (1),1876.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of March 12, 1877; received red hat and the title of S. Silvestro in Capite, June 25, 1877. Participated in the conclave of 1878, which elected Pope Leo XIII. Opted for the title of SS. Trinità al Monte Pincio, March 24, 1884.
Death. January 23 (2), 1887, Lyon. Exposed and buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Lyon.
Bibliography. "Cardinali defunti." La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia per l'anno 1903, Città del Vaticano : Tipografia poliglotta vaticana, 1903, p. 183; Chapeau, O.S.B. André and Fernand Combaluzier, C.M. Épiscopologe français des temps modernes, 1592-1973. Paris : Letouzey et Ané, 1974, p. 225-226; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, pp. 22, 52, 53, 241 and 354.
Link. His photograph.
(1) This is according to Ritzler, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VIII, 354; Chapeau, Épiscopologe français des temps modernes, 1592-1973, pp. 225-226, says that he was promoted on June 26, 1876.
(2) This is according to Ritzler, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VIII, 354; and Chapeau, Épiscopologe français des temps modernes, 1592-1973, pp. 225-226; "Cardinali defunti." La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia per l'anno 1903, p. 183, says that he died on January 24, 1887.
Birth. April 20 (1), 1809, Verona. Of a noble family.
Education. Studied in Verona. Joined the Society of Jesus (Jesuits), 1837; Collegio Romano, Rome, 1839-1841 (doctorate in theology).
Priesthood. Ordained, 1841, Rome. Left his order because of illness, 1852, and was incardinated in the diocese of Verona; canon of its cathedral chapter, 1857.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Verona, September 30, 1861. Consecrated, January 23, 1862, Verona, by Benedetto Riccabona zu Reinchefels, bishop of Trent. Participated in the First Vatican Council, 1869-1870.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of March 12, 1877; received red hat, March 15, 1877; and the title of S. Marcello, March 20, 1877. Participated in the conclave of 1878, which elected Pope Leo XIII.
Death. March 12, 1900, Verona. Exposed in the cathedral of Verona and buried in that city's cemetery.
Bibliography. "Canossa, Luigi di."La Enciclopedia Cattolica, 12 vols. Città del Vaticano: Ente per l'Enciclopedia Cattolica e per il Libro Cattolico, 1949-1954, III, col. 610; "Cardinali defunti." La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia per l'anno 1903, Città del Vaticano : Tipografia poliglotta vaticana, 1903, p. 204; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, pp. 22, 49 and 587.
(1) This is according to Ritzler, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VIII, 587; "Cardinali defunti." La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia per l'anno 1903, p. 204, says that he was born on April 30, 1809.
Birth. June 6 (1), 1808, Magliano Sabina, diocese of Sabina. Of a noble family from Urbino. Son of Giuseppe Serafini and Anna Giorgi. Nephew of Cardinal Giovanni Serafini (1843). Received the sacrament of confirmation, May 16, 1813.
Education. College of Sabina, Sabina (humanities); Collegio Romano, Rome (philosophy); La Sapienza University, Rome (doctorate in utroque iuris, both civil and canon law, April 11, 1832).
Early life. Lawyer of the Roman Curia, July 4, 1836. Relator of the S.C. of the Sacred Consulta for the province of Rieti, January 19, 1843. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, December 18 (2), 1843. Referendary of the Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature of Justice, January 11, 1844; auditor, December 21, 1846. Relator of the Sacred Consulta, 1844-1847. Ecclesiastical judge in the civil tribunals, September 27, 1847. Auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota, January 19 (3), 1850. Received the diaconate, August 21, 1853.
Priesthood. Ordained, August 25, 1853, Rome. Regent of the Apostolic Penitentiary, March 28, 1858 to 1870.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Viterbo e Toscanella (now Tuscania), June 27, 1870. Consecrated, July 17, 1870, Rome, by Cardinal Costantino Patrizi.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of March 12, 1877; received red hat, March 15, 1877; and the title of S. Girolamo degli Schiavoni, March 20, 1877. Participated in the conclave of 1878, which elected Pope Leo XIII. Resigned pastoral government of the diocese, February 20, 1880. Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature, May 13, 1884. Prefect of the S.C. of the Tridentine Council, July 31, 1885 until 1893. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, March 14, 1887 to June 1, 1888. Grand chancellor of the Pontifical Equestrian Orders. Opted for the order of bishops and the suburbicarian see of Sabina and perpetual abbot of S. Maria di Farfa, June 1, 1888. Secretary of Apostolic Briefs, June 19, 1893.
Death. February 1, 1894, Rome. Exposed in the church Sacre Stimmata, Rome, and buried in the chapel of the Pontifical Urban Athenaeum of Propaganda Fide, Campo Verano cemetery, Rome.
Bibliography. "Cardinali defunti." La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia per l'anno 1903, Città del Vaticano : Tipografia poliglotta vaticana, 1903, p. 194; Re, Niccolò del. "I cardinali prefetti della Sacra Congregazione del Concilio dalle origini ad oggi (1564-1964)." Apollinaris, XXXVII (1964), p. 140; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, pp. 22, 48, 63 and 593; Weber, Christoph. Kardinäle und Prälaten in den letzten Jahrzehnten des Kirchenstaates : Elite-Rekrutierung, Karriere-Muster u. soziale Zusammensetzung d. kurialen Führungsschicht zur Zeit Pius' IX. (1846-1878). Stuttgart : Hiersemann, 1978. (Päpste und Papsttum; Bd. 13, I-II), II, 519, 747 and 757.
(1) This is according to Ritzler, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VIII, 593; "Cardinali defunti." La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia per l'anno 1903, p. 194; and Weber, Kardinäle und Prälaten in den letzten Jahrzehnten des Kirchenstaates, II, 519, say that he was born on June 7, 1808.
(2) This is according to Ritzler, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VIII, 593; Weber, Kardinäle und Prälaten in den letzten Jahrzehnten des Kirchenstaates, II, 519, indicates that he was named on December 28, 1843.
(3) This is according to Ritzler, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VIII, 593; Del Re, "I cardinali prefetti della Sacra Congregazione del Concilio dalle origini ad oggi (1564-1964)." Apollinaris, XXXVII, p. 140, says that he was named on January 28, 1850; and Weber, Kardinäle und Prälaten in den letzten Jahrzehnten des Kirchenstaates, II, 519, indicates that he was named on July 8, 1850.
Birth. May 12, 1812, Recanati. Of a modest but distinguished family. His father was a notary.
Education. Seminary of Recanati, Recanati (philosophy and theology); settled in Rome with an uncle who was canon and pastor of S. Lorenzo in Damaso; Pontifical Roman Seminary, Rome (theology); La Sapienza University, Rome (doctorates in theology and utroque iure, both canon and civil law).
Priesthood. Ordained, December 1834. Secretary to Msgr. Giovanni Di Pietro, auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota. Auditor of the secretary of the S.C. of the Tridentine Council, Msgr. D. Andrea; later, undersecretary, 1853-1868. Auditor and counselor of Cardinal Luigi Amat di San Filippo e Sorso. Honorary professor of the Faculty of Law of Seminario Romano, 1853. Chamberlain d'onore in abito paonazo, 1854. Abbreviatore del Parco Maggiore, April 8, 1862 to 1877; dean of Collegio dei Abbreviatori, 1863-1877. Canon of the chapter of the patriarchal Vatican basilica, 1868. Dean of the chapter of the patriarchal Liberian basilica. Protonotary apostolic. Referendary of both Signatures, January 29, 1863. Prefect of the Pontifical Athenaeum of S. Apollinare. Consultor of the S.C. of Rites. Assessor of the S.C. of the Inquisition, March 13, 1868 to 1877. Member of the preparatory commission of the First Vatican Council. Prefect of studies of Seminario Romano, 1875-1877.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of March 12, 1877; received red hat, March 15, 1877; and the deaconry of S. Angelo in Pescheria, March 20, 1877. Prefect of Economy of the S.C. of Propaganda Fide and of the Reverend Chamber of Despoilments, March 26, 1877. Prefect of the S.C. of Studies, October 19, 1877 to August 9, 1878. Participated in the conclave of 1878, which elected Pope Leo XIII. Examinator of the palatine administration, March 15, 1878. Secretary of State, prefect of the Apostolic Palace and administrator of the Wealth of the Holy See, August 9, 1878. Opted for the order of cardinal priests and the title of S. Maria in Tratevere, February 28, 1879. Decorated with the grand cross of the Austrian Order of Sankt Stefan, 1879. Resigned secretariat of State, December 16, 1880; he was confirmed as prefect of the Apostolic Palace on that same date. Prefect of the S.C. of the Tridentine Council and of the S.C. of Ecclesiastical Immunity, November 7, 1881 until his death. Prefect of the Special Congregation for the Revision of the Provincial Councils.
Death. July 25, 1885, Rome. Exposed in his title and buried in the chapel of the archconfraternity of the Most Precious Blood, Campo Verano cemetery, Rome.
Bibliography. "Cardinali defunti." La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia per l'anno 1903, Città del Vaticano : Tipografia poliglotta vaticana, 1903, p. 181-182; Re, Niccolò del. "I cardinali prefetti della Sacra Congregazione del Concilio dalle origini ad oggi (1564-1964)." Apollinaris, XXXVII (1964), pp. 139-140; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, pp. 22, 51 and 54; Weber, Christoph. Kardinäle und Prälaten in den letzten Jahrzehnten des Kirchenstaates : Elite-Rekrutierung, Karriere-Muster u. soziale Zusammensetzung d. kurialen Führungsschicht zur Zeit Pius' IX. (1846-1878). Stuttgart : Hiersemann, 1978. (Päpste und Papsttum; Bd. 13, I-II), II, 491-492, 557, 743, 747, 749, 754.
Link. Brief biographical data, in German.
Birth. January 27, 1808, Spoleto. Son of Carlo Sbarretti and Maddalena Bonafede. Uncle of Cardinal Donato Sbarretti (1916).
Education. La Sapienza University, Rome (doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law, 1832).
Priesthood. Ordained, 1830. Secretary and auditor of Giovanni Maria Mastai Ferretti, archbishop of Spoleto, future Pope Pius IX. Vicar general of Giovanni Maria Mastai Ferretti, archbishop-bishop of Imola, until 1846. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, 1846; reappointed, December 27, 1847. Secretary of the Council of Ministers, June 10, 1848. Referendary prelate, July 11, 1870. Auditor of the Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature of Justice, 1851. Auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota, March 16, 1853 to 1875. Secretary of the S.C. of Bishops and Religious, October 2, 1875 to 1877. Consultor of the S.C. of the Holy Office, 1875-1877.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of March 12, 1877; received red hat, March 15, 1877; and the deaconry of S. Maria ad Martyres, March 20, 1877. Participated in the conclave of 1878, which elected Pope Leo XIII. Prefect of the Economy of the S.C. of Propaganda Fide and president of the Reverend Chamber of Despoilments, August 13, 1878 to 1884.
Death. May 1, 1884, Rome. Exposed in the basilica of Ss. XII Apostoli, Rome, and buried in Campo Verano cemetery, Rome.
Bibliography. "Cardinali defunti." La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia per l'anno 1903, Città del Vaticano : Tipografia poliglotta vaticana, 1903, p. 179; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, pp. 22 and 55; Weber, Christoph. Kardinäle und Prälaten in den letzten Jahrzehnten des Kirchenstaates : Elite-Rekrutierung, Karriere-Muster u. soziale Zusammensetzung d. kurialen Führungsschicht zur Zeit Pius' IX. (1846-1878). Stuttgart : Hiersemann, 1978. (Päpste und Papsttum; Bd. 13, I-II), II, 517-518 and 716.
Birth. August 15, 1807 (1), Bourg d'Iré, diocese of Angers, France.
Education. Studied in Angers; and law in Paris; Convitto dei Nobili, Rome.
Priesthood. Ordained, 1837. Soon after the ordination, he obtained a canonry. Referendary prelate, July 12, 1838. Relator of the S.C. of Good Government, 1839-1847; dean of the relator prelates, 1845. Privy chamberlain of His Holiness. Went to Gaeta in 1849 when the pope had to flee to that city. Canon of the chapter of the patriarchal Vatican basilica, 1849. Secretary of the S.C. of the Discipline of the Regulars, 1851 to 1877. Prelate adjunct of the S.C. of the Tridentine Council, 1852-1854. Abbreviatore del Parco Maggiore, 1853-1861. Regent of the Apostolic Chancery, 1861 to 1877. Auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of March 12, 1877; received red hat, March 15, 1877; and the deaconry of S. Agata alla Suburra, March 20, 1877. Participated in the conclave of 1878, which elected Pope Leo XIII. Opted for the deaconry of S. Angelo in Pescheria, May 12, 1879.
Death. June 22, 1884, Tivoli. Exposed in the cathedral of Tivoli and buried in the city's cemetery.
Bibliography. "Cardinali defunti." La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia per l'anno 1903, Città del Vaticano : Tipografia poliglotta vaticana, 1903, p. 179-180; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, pp. 22 and 54; Weber, Christoph. Kardinäle und Prälaten in den letzten Jahrzehnten des Kirchenstaates : Elite-Rekrutierung, Karriere-Muster u. soziale Zusammensetzung d. kurialen Führungsschicht zur Zeit Pius' IX. (1846-1878). Stuttgart : Hiersemann, 1978. (Päpste und Papsttum; Bd. 13, I-II), II, 462, 748 and 759.
(1) This is according to Dictionnaire d'histoire et de géographie ecclésiastiques. Paris, 1912- , XVI, 1513, and Dictionnaire de biographie française. Paris, 1913-, XIII, 549.-; the three sources listed in the bibliographical section above say that he was born on August 15, 1815.
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